HES psych 1

Question 1

What are moderators

Answer 1

factors that influence a relationship or treatment affect
specifies for whom the treatment works
under what conditions the treatment works

Question 2

what are moderators used for

Answer 2

inclusion/exclusion criteria
most responsive
subpopulations
match patients to treatments

Question 3

What are mediators

Answer 3

why two variables are related

Question 4

regression to the mean

Answer 4

statistical phenomenon
extreme scores will eventually move towards the mean or vice versa

Question 5

What are parts of the ecological model? (top to bottom)

Answer 5

policy
community
institutional
interpersonal
individual

Question 6

What does the social gradient show?

Answer 6

high income=high health

Question 7

non medical factors that influence health outcomes

Answer 7

conditions in which people are born, live, grow
wider set forces
economic policies and systems

Question 8

upstream

Answer 8

more systemic and political
underlying factors
distal factors

Question 9

downstream

Answer 9

more literal, apical
surface factors
proximal factors

Question 10

social factors

Answer 10

income, wealth, health
race and racism
neighborhood and working conditions
education
stress

Question 11

health impact pyramid (increasing population impact and vice versa is increasing individual effort)

Answer 11

counseling and education
clinical intervention
long-lasting protective interventions
changing the context to make individuals’ default decisions healthy
socioeconomic factors

Question 12

upstream interventions

Answer 12

macro-level state and national public policy/environmental interventions
strengthen social norms and supports for healthy behaviors
to redirect unhealthy societal and industry counterforces

Question 13

mid stream interventions

Answer 13

target defined populations
changing and or preventing
work through organizational channels

Question 14

downstream interventions

Answer 14

individual level interventions
for those with risk factors or suffer from risk related diseases/conditions

Question 15

What was the problem in Bleich’s paper?

Answer 15

Diet related diseases
59% of people in the US have them
90% of health care spending goes towards chronic conditions
80% go on to gain the weight back

Question 16

Why are health care systems limited in their ability to address unhealthy diets?

Answer 16

Most of the other 80 to 90% of modifiable contributors are related to
social determinants of health —
the conditions in which people
are born, grow, live, work, and
age

Question 17

Hunger free kids act 2010 (National school lunch program)

Answer 17

federal government mandated
1946
nutritional
increase in obesity

Question 18

HHFK Act

Answer 18

more grains, fruits, veggies
age specific
standards for snacks

Question 19

Chandran et al type of study

Answer 19

cohort study

Question 20

What was the Healthy Hunger Free Kids program?

Answer 20

recognize the vast array of factors outside the healthcare system that directly and indirectly influence dietary choices

Question 21

What was chandran studying?

Answer 21

the first to evaluate the association between the HHFKA and BMI in a large, diverse, geographically heterogenous group of school-aged children

Question 22

What was the age range for chandran and the social backgrounds?

Answer 22

12-18 yr olds
lower income

Question 23

Gearan & Fox

Answer 23

researched and studied school meals nutrition and cost

Question 24

HHFK outcomes

Answer 24

decrease in BMI following implementation
no change in plate waste
a small increase in costs

Question 25

According to Bleich what are some solutions to healthy eating and health behaviors in communities?

Answer 25

Partnerships between health systems and surrounding communities

Population-based approaches which make it easier for people to make healthy choices

Question 26

Private sector

Answer 26

National restaurant association
Kids Livewell
Healthy Weight Commitment Foundation pledge

Question 27

medical model vs public health model

Answer 27

unless we intervene on multiple levels such as outside behaviors, this will not be effective in long lasting change

Question 28

Syme - major problems to confront

Answer 28

identifying risk factors
changing behavior
importance of underlying communities/systems

Question 29

syme - social determinant

Answer 29

social class

Question 30

How to explain the social gradient?

Answer 30

“control of destiny”

Question 31

How did syme intervene to change behaviors?

Answer 31

He got 5th graders and set up a mentor program with the aim of giving them hope for the future

Question 32

Challenges of community partnerships

Answer 32

Inappropriate funding mechanisms
different disciplines
intervening at many levels

Question 33

What is control of destiny

Answer 33

the degree to which individuals feel they have the power to influence the events and circumstances in their lives

people with a higher sense of control over their lives tend to have better health outcomes, including lower stress levels and reduced risk of chronic diseases.

Question 34

2 reasons for sex differences in statistics

Answer 34

Physiological changes
social/cultural differences

Question 35

Shift in focus of biomedicine and health care system

Answer 35

away from acute illness and focuses on chronic disease and physical disablement