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Classes > HES quiz 2 > Flashcards

HES quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

nerve cell types

A

Neurons

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2
Q

the parts of a neuron

A

nuclei, soma, dendrites, axon, axon terminal

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3
Q

glial cells

A

supporting cells

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4
Q

what is the white matter?

A

axons, interior, myelin

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5
Q

what is the grey matter?

A

dendrites
outer cortex

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6
Q

ganglion

A

a group of neurons outside the CNS

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7
Q

nucleus

A

a group of neurons within the CNS

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8
Q

Nerve

A

a group of nerve fibers (axon) outside the CNS

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9
Q

tract

A

a group of nerve fibers within the CNS

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10
Q

sensory input

A

gathers info

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11
Q

integration

A

processes, decides whether action needs to be taken

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12
Q

response

A

motor output needed to fix the problem, muscle movement, hormone release

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13
Q

somatic nervous system

A

conscious perception and voluntary or reflex motor responses

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14
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary control to regulate organ systems and maintain homeostasis

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15
Q

what makes up the autonomic nervous system and what are the functions?

A

Sympathetic - flight or fight
parasympathetic - rest and digest

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16
Q

Enteric nervous system

A

controls smooth muscle and glandular tissue in digestive tissue

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17
Q

CNS

A

brain and spinal cord
integrative and control centers

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18
Q

PNS

A

cranial nerves
spinal nerves
communication between CNS and the body

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19
Q

sensory (afferent) division

A

somatic and visceral sensory nerve fibers
Conducts impulses from receptors to the CNS

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20
Q

Motor (efferent) division

A

motor nerve fibers
conducts impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)

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21
Q

What does the axon have and do?

A

wrapped in myelin made from glial cells
propagates impulse
Node of rainvier - gaps
Axon hillock - initial segment

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22
Q

Types of neurons

A

unipolar
bipolar
multipolar

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23
Q

unipolar

A

axon and dendrite in 1 process
sensory; mainly peripheral nervous system

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24
Q

bipolar

A

2 processes, axon and dendrite
sensory only
not common

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25
Q

multipolar

A

axon & 1> dendrite
most common
motor neurons
interneurons - impulses within the CNS to integrate sensory and motor input

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26
Q

Astrocyte

A

largest and most numerous

27
Q

BBB

A

controls entry into CNS; active transport

28
Q

What can enter the BBB?

A

glucose and amino acids
not drugs

29
Q

oligodendrocyte

A

insulates axons in myelin
tie the axons together

30
Q

microglia

A

originate as macrophages as part of the CNS
immune surveillance and phagocytosis

31
Q

Ependymal cells

A

filters the blood to make CSF

32
Q

cilia

A

tight connections
between adjacent cells

33
Q

satellite cell

A

sensory and autonomic ganglia surround the cell bodies of neurons
supports nervous tissues
regulates nutrients and waste exchange

34
Q

Schwann cell

A

insulates the axons with myelin

35
Q

myelin

A

phospholipids of the glial membrane + proteins
Insulates axons - oligodendrocytes (CNS) and Schwann cells (PNS)
facilitates electrical signals along the axon

36
Q

diencephalon

A

deep within brain
processing center for sensory information and autonomic control
connects to limbic system

37
Q

What structures are within the limbic structure?

A

Amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus

38
Q

What does the lymbic system do?

A

integrate and respond to environmental stimuli
relayed through the hypothalamus

39
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

focuses attention to emotionally important events

40
Q

Brain stem parts

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

41
Q

midbrain

A

contains visual and auditory reflex centers
contains subcortical motor centers
contains nuceli for cranial nerves

42
Q

pons

A

relays info from motor cortex –> cerebellum
cooperates with medullary centers to control respiration
contains nuclei for cranial nerves

43
Q

medulla oblongata

A

relays ascending sensory pathway impulses from skin and proprioceptors
contains nuclei controlling HR, blood vessels, respiration, vomiting, hiccups, swallowing
contains nuclei for cranial nerves

44
Q

cerebellum functions

A

“little brain” - thin outer cortex of gray matter; internal white matter
helps provide smooth, coordinated body movement
subconscious
processes information from cerebral motor cortex
instructs cerebral motor cortex and subcortical, motto centers
responsible for balance and posture

45
Q

reticular formation

A

group of nuclei in the brain stem
sensory axons where there are sensory, and auditory impulses
relays information to the cerebrum through the thalamus

46
Q

cranial nerves

A

nerves connected to the brain

47
Q

spinal nerves

A

connected to the spinal cord

48
Q

pre ganglionic fiber

A

neurons from the brainstem

49
Q

nuclei

A

cluster of nerves

50
Q

What is the difference between the pre and postganglion in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

A

sympathetic - ganglia is close to the spinal cord

parasympathetic - ganglia is within or close to the target organ

51
Q

cholinergic

A

acetylcholine

52
Q

muscarinic

A

binds to muscarine; indirect

53
Q

nicotinic

A

binds nictoine; direct

54
Q

adrenergic

A

norepinephrine and epinephrine

55
Q

vagus nerve

A

afferent
efferent

56
Q

alpha 1

A

contracts smooth muscles

57
Q

alpha 2

A

presynaptic nerve terminals

58
Q

Beta 1

A

heart and kidneys

59
Q

beta 2

A

relaxes smooth muscles, liver, pancreas, eye

60
Q

beta 3

A

adipose tissue

61
Q

afferent

A

sensory

62
Q

efferent

A

motor

63
Q
A

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