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Systematic Biology > Protozoans > Flashcards

Protozoans Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

organism composed of one or more cells containing visible evidence of nuclei and organelles

A

eukaryote

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2
Q

how did eukaryotes evolve?

A

cellular symbiosis among prokaryotic cells

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3
Q

When two dissimilar organisms live together and form an intimate and life-sustaining relationship that is mutually beneficial

A

symbiosis

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4
Q

A cellular organism (such as bacterium or blue-green alga) that does not have a distinct, membrane-bound nucleus.

A

prokaryote

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5
Q

Apparently, the first cells to appear in the fossil record (3.5 billion years ago) were bacteria-like and prokaryotic/eukaryotic

A

prokaryotic

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6
Q

____ cells have organelles and a nucleus,

A

eukaryotic

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7
Q

The origin of complex eukaryotic cells was most likely a type of _____ among prokaryotic cells.

A

symbiosis

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8
Q

This may have involved aerobic bacteria which were engulfed by anaerobic bacteria that were unable to tolerate the increasing oxygen (anaerobic) in the atmosphere caused by photosynthetic bacteria. These engulfed aerobic bacteria had the necessary enzymes for deriving energy in the presence of oxygen and may have become what organelle found in most modern eukaryotic cells.

A

mitochondria

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9
Q

Engulfed photosynthetic bacteria evolved into ____; which are the descendants of the green algae lineage, later giving rise to multicellular plants.

A

chloroplast

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10
Q

a. They lack a cell wall, unlike plants
b. They have at least one motile stage in the life cycle.
c. Most ingest their food.

A

protozoa

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11
Q

have intracellular specialization or organization of organelles in cells

A

protozoa

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12
Q

Cells may have distinct functions; some colonial protozoa have separate somatic and reproductive ____.

A

zooids

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13
Q

Asexual reproduction occurs by ____ in protozoa

A

mitotic division

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14
Q

have the simplest exoskeletons.

A

shelled protozoa

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15
Q

obtaining nourishment by feeding on plants or other animals

A

holozoic

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16
Q

Over 64,000 species are named; half are ____

A

fossils

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17
Q

Although they are unicellular organisms, protozoan cell ____ are highly specialized

A

organelles

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18
Q

They can be fantastically numerous, forming gigantic ocean ___deposits

A

soil

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19
Q

About 10,000 are symbiotic in or on animals or plants; some are human disease agents.

A

protozoa

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20
Q

Protozoa have only one non-reproductive cell type and lack embryonic development; embryonic development is one of the criteria for

A

metazoa

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21
Q

They are unicellular with some colonial and multicellular stages.

A

protozoan phyla

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22
Q

Most are microscopics

A

protozoan phyla

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23
Q

All ____are present within members of the group

A

symmetries

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24
Q

3 types of symmetry

A

spherical
radial
bilateral symmetry

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25
Q

are germ layers present in protozoan phyla?

A

no

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26
Q

are organs and tissues formed in protozoa?

A

no

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27
Q

They include free-living, mutualistic, commensal and parasitic forms.

A

protozoa

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28
Q

They move by pseudopodia, flagella, cilia and they can direct cell movements

A

protozoa

29
Q

phylum and subphylum of amoeba

A

Sacromastigophora
Sarcodina

30
Q

paramecium phylum and class

A

ciliophora
oligohymenophora

31
Q

ciliated protozoan

A

paramecium

32
Q

pseudopodia protozoa

A

amoeba

33
Q

flagellated protozoa example

A

euglena

34
Q

phylum
subphylum
class

euglena

A

sarcomastigophora
mastigophora
phytomastigophorea

35
Q

Most are ___, but some have a simple endoskeleton or exoskeleton

A

naked

36
Q

Reproduction is asexual by ___, ___or cysts; or sexual by ____coloor syngamy of gametes

A

fission
budding
conjugation

37
Q

in phytomastigophorea, pandorina, eudorina, synura, gonium, and dinobryon are ___

A

colonial

38
Q

ptychodiscus, ceratium, and clamydomas are ___

A

dinoflagellates

39
Q

noctiluca, peranema, and chlomonas have no pigments and are not ___

A

photosynthetic

40
Q

colonial flagellate with cells similar to those found in sponges

A

Codosiga

41
Q

commonly fouind in gut of termites and wood reoaches, where they help digest cellulose from the wood eaten by insects

A

Trichonympha
Spirotrichonympha
Trichomonas

42
Q

parasite of various animals, and some species cause serious disease in humans and domestic animals

A

Trypansoma

43
Q

intestinal parasite of mammals that causes diarrhea in humans

A

Giardia

44
Q

ameboid marine protozoa that secrete a calcareous, many-chambered test in which to live and then extrude protoplasm through pores to form a layer over the outside

A

foraminiferans

45
Q

All of the members of this phylum are propelled by a long whip-like projection
called a flagellum.

A

phylum zoomastigophora

46
Q

Almost all of the zoomatigians have one, two, or more
flagella; but in some members, a ____ is lacking

A

flagellum

47
Q

are
heterotrophic, and most are free-living, but some are parasitic

A

flagellates

48
Q

It is believed
that the first eukaryotic cells were

A

flagellates

49
Q

. Because of genetic variation and
natural selection, some of these may have given rise to plantlike organisms while other have evolved into more highly adapted and
specialized animal types.

A

flagellates

50
Q

The organisms in this phylum are characterized by having hair-like projections called cilia,
which they use for locomotion and food-getting

A

ciliophora

51
Q

have same basic structures as flagella,
but are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella

A

cilia

52
Q

they possess two different types of nuclei: a
large macronucleus and one or more smaller micronuclei.

A

ciliophora

53
Q

is concerned
with the general control of cell activities,

A

macronucleus

54
Q

is involved in sexual
reproduction. Like the flagellates, the ciliates are heterotrophic, a few being parasitic.

A

micronucleus

55
Q

reproduce asexually by binary fission; dividing into two equal daughter cells.

A

ciliates

56
Q

may also reproduce sexually, allowing for greater genetic variability, through a
process called conjugation.

A

paramecium

57
Q

During this process, two individuals come to lie with their ventral
sides together, and a protoplasmic bridge forms between them

A

conjugation

58
Q

The macronucleus/micronucleus
disintegrates and gradually disappears.

The macronuclei/micronuclei divide several times and finally the Paramecium exchanges some of their nuclear material.

A

macronucleus
micronuclei

59
Q

The members of this phylum move by protoplasmic extensions called
pseudopodia (false feet)

A

sarcodina

60
Q

are also important in food-getting. They
surrounded the food and enclose it in a food vacuole in the process known as
phagocytosis.

A

sarcodina

61
Q

is a “blob of protoplasms” with no definite
shape

A

amoeba

62
Q

have pseudopodia and some have flagellated gametes

A

sporozoa

63
Q

The
most widely-known member of the sporozoan phylum is

A

plasmodium

64
Q

the blood
parasite which causes malaria in man

A

plasmodium

65
Q

is
carried by a secondary host, the female Anopheles mosquito, which transmits
malaria to man

A

plasmodium

66
Q

. They typically have a life cycle in which a sexual stage
alternates with a spore-producing asexual stage

A

sporozoa

67
Q

develop as the result of
multiple fission of a “mother cell”.

A

spores

68
Q

Some are amoeboid and others are
encapsulated

A

sporozoa

Systematic Biology (18 decks)

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