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Systematic Biology > Platyhelminths and Nematoda > Flashcards

Platyhelminths and Nematoda Flashcards

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1
Q

platy means

A

flat

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2
Q

helminthes means

A

worms

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3
Q

mostly worm like creatures that are dorsoventrally flattened, meaning they look like a ribbon, this is why they are called names such as Tapeworm, Flatworm, Fluke and Planarian.

A

platyhelminths

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4
Q

are a successful phylum with
around 25,000 known species

A

platyhelminthes

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5
Q

platyhelminths has ___ germ layers

A

three

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6
Q

three germ layers

A

tripoblastic

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7
Q

type of symmetry of platyhelminthes

A

bilateral

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8
Q

Oral and genital apertures mostly appear on what side in platyhelminthes

A

ventral

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9
Q

Epidermis may be ___ or ____ in platyhelmints

A

cellular or syncytial

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10
Q

rod-shaped, swell to form a protective mucous sheath around the body

A

rhabdites

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11
Q

what tegument is in Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda and some Turbellaria

syncytial/cellular

A

syncytial

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12
Q

Muscular system of _____origin, in the form of a sheath of circular, longitudinal, and oblique layers beneath the epidermis or tegument

A

mesodermal

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13
Q

does platyhelminth have body space?

what is the terrm

A

no, acoelomate

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14
Q

other than digestive tube; spaces between organs filled with ______ in platyhelminth

A

parenchyma

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15
Q

Digestive system incomplete/complete (gastrovascular type); absent/present in some

A

incomplete
absent

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16
Q

Nervous system consisting of a pair of anterior ganglia with longitudinal nerve cords connected by a transverse nerves and located in the parenchyma in most forms; similar to cnidarians in some

A

platyhelminths

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17
Q

Simple sense organs; eyespots in some

A

platyhelminths

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18
Q

Excretory system of two lateral canals with branches bearing flame cells or what

A

protenophridia

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19
Q

Most forms are monoecious/dioecious; reproductive system complex; usually with well developed gonads,ducts , and accessory organs;

A

monoecious

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20
Q

platyhelminths have internal/external fertilization

A

internal

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21
Q

-Life cycle simple in free-swimming forms and those with single host
-Complicated life cycle involving several hosts in many internal parasites

A

Platyhelminthes

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22
Q

class that is mostly free living in platyhelminthes

A

Turbellaria

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23
Q

parasitic platyhelminthes (3)

A

Classes Monogenea, Trematoda and Cestoda

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24
Q

-Mostly free-living
-5mm-50cm in length
-With soft flattened bodies covered with ciliated epidermis containing secreting cells and rodlike bodies (rhabdites)
-Mouth usually on ventral surface sometimes near center of body
-No body cavity except intercellular spaces in parenchyma
-Mostly hermaphroditic
-Some have asexual fission

What Class

A

Class Turbellaria

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25
Q

Order under turbellaria

A

Tricladida

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26
Q

gut with 3 distinct branches

what order

A

Tricladida

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27
Q

(~80 freshwater species)

family under Turbellaria

A

Planariidae

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28
Q

example under Planariidae

A

Planaria
Polycelis

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29
Q

Family under Turbelaria that is common in streams, lakes & ponds; Possess eyes with multicellular retinas and pigment cup
Reproduce by asexual fission

A

Dugesiidae

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30
Q

Planarian scientific name

A

Girardia tigrina

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31
Q

study the parts of the planaria

A

+1

32
Q

Subclass under Class Cestoda

A

Eucestoda

33
Q

Family under Cestoda

A

Taeniidae

34
Q

example of Taeniddae

A

Taenia saginata
Taenia solium

35
Q

Small anterior hooked attachment organ

A

scolex

36
Q

Division of body into segments

A

proglottids

37
Q

do class cestoda have digestive tract?

A

no

38
Q

kestos means

A

girdle

39
Q

eidos means

A

form

40
Q

-Body covered with nonciliated, syncytial tegument
-General form of the body tapelike

what class

A

Cestoda

41
Q

a chain of proglottids

A

strobila

42
Q

-No digestive organs
-Usually monoecious
-Parasitic in digestive tract

what class

A

Cestoda

43
Q

give the taxonomic account of Taenia saginata

A

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: cestoda
Order: Cyclophyllidea
Family: Taeniidae
Genus: Taenia
Species: saginata
Scientific name: Taenia saginata

44
Q

give the taxonomic account of Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

A

Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Cestoda
Order: Cyclophyllidea
Family: Taeniidae
Genus: Taenia
Species: solium
Scientific name: Taenia solium

45
Q

trema means

A

hole

46
Q

Digenean flukes

what class

A

Trematoda

47
Q

-Body covered with a syncytial tegument without cilia
-Leaflike of cylindrical in shape
-Usually with oral and ventral suckers
-No hooks
-Alimentary canal usually with two main -branches
-Mostly monoecious
-Life cycle complex (first host =mollusc) (final host = vertebrates)

A

Class Trematoda

48
Q

Family of blood flukes

A

Schistosomatidae

49
Q

Family of Fasciola hepatica

A

Echinostomida

50
Q

Family of Opisthorchis, Clonorchis sinensis

A

Opishtorchiidae

51
Q

liver fluke

A

Fasciola hepatica

52
Q

-Sheep and cattle are reservoir hosts.
-Juvenile worms cause anemia, damage to the liver parenchyma, and may lodge in ectopic locations e.g., the brain or eye
-adults damage the bile ducts.

A

Fasciola hepatica

53
Q

Infections are contracted by eating uncooked aquatic plants on which metacercariae have encysted.

A

Fasciola hepatica

54
Q

give the taxonomic account of Fasciola hepatica

A

Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Subclass: Digenea
Order: Echinostomida
Suborder: Echinostomata
Family: Fasciolidae
Genus: Fasciola
Species: hepatica
Scientific name: Fasciola hepatica
Common name: Liver fluke

55
Q

-Infections with this liver fluke are contracted in Asia by eating uncooked freshwater fish in which metacercariae have encysted.
-Piscivorous mammals can serve as reservoir hosts.
-Although the liver parenchyma is not invaded, heavy infections may cause such damage to the bile ducts that jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, and death occur.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

56
Q

see the labelled Clonorchis sinensis

A

+1

57
Q

-Posterior, tandem, dendritic testes
-Relatively large seminal receptacle anterior to the testes
-Gravid uterus
-Vitelline glands, confined to the middle of the body.

A

Clonorchis sinensis

58
Q

Give the taxonomic account of Clonorchis sinensis

A

Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Order: ophisthorchiida
Family: Opisthorchiidae
Genus: Clonorchis
Species: sinensis
Clonorchis sinensis

59
Q

see the Schistosoma japonicum label

A

+1

60
Q

Digestive system of _____ is very simple: They have only one bifurcated digestive tract. Their digestion is performed by frame cells, and they seems to have no excretory pore.

A

schistosomes

61
Q

what cells perform the digestion of schistosomes

A

frame cells

62
Q

give the taxonomic account of schistosoma japonicum

A

Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Subclass: Digenea
Order: Strigeidida
Genus: Schistosoma
Species: japonicum
Scientific name: Schistosoma japonicum
Common name: Human blood fluke

63
Q

Nema means

A

thread

64
Q

-only about 80 000 species have been described
-live in a vast variety of habitats,
ecologically they can be divided into free living forms and parasitic forms.

A

Nematoda

65
Q

1)Bilaterally symmetrical, and vermiform. 2)Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs.
3)Body cavity is a pseudocoel, body fluid under high pressure.
4)Body possesses a through gut with a subterminal anus.
5)Body covered in a complex cuticle.
6)Has a nervous system with pharyngeal nerve ring.
7)Has no circulatory system (no blood system)
8)Reproduction normally sexual and gonochoristic.
9)Feed on just about everything.
10)Live just about everywhere, many species are endoparasites.

what phylum

A

nematoda

66
Q

also known as whipworm

A

Trichuris trichura

67
Q

give the taxonomic account of Trichuris trichura

A

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Adenophorea
Order: Trichocepalida
Family: Trichuridae
Genus: Trichuris
Species: trichiura
Scientific name: Trichuris trichura

68
Q

see label of trichur trichuria

A

+1

69
Q

also known as pinworm/threadworm

A

Enterobius vermicularis

70
Q

give the taxonomic account of Entorobious vermicularis

A

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Subclass: Spiruria
Order: Oxyurida
Family: Oxyuridae
Genus: Enterobius
Species: vermicularis
Scientific name: Enterobius vermicularis

71
Q

also known as pork worm

A

Trichinella spiralis

72
Q

give the taxonomic account of Pork worm

A

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Adenophorea
Order: Trichocephalida
Family Trichinellidae
Genus: Trichinella
Species: spiralis
Scientific name: Trichinella spiralis

73
Q

also known as Giant roundworm

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

74
Q

give the taxonomic accoutn of Ascaris lumbricoides

A

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Order: Ascaridida
Family: Ascarididae
Genus: Ascaris
Species: lumbricoides
Scientific name: Ascaris lumbricoides

75
Q

also known as dog hookwrom

A

Ancylostoma caninum

76
Q

taxonomic account of dog hookworm

A

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Order: Strongylida
Family: Ancylostomatidae
Genus: ancylostoma
Species: caninum
Scientific name: Ancylostoma caninum

77
Q

The male is easily recognized by its conspicuous copulatory bursa, an expanded posterior portion of the worm used for grasping the female during mating.

A

Ancylostoma caninum

Systematic Biology (18 decks)

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