Platyhelminths and Nematoda Flashcards
platy means
flat
helminthes means
worms
mostly worm like creatures that are dorsoventrally flattened, meaning they look like a ribbon, this is why they are called names such as Tapeworm, Flatworm, Fluke and Planarian.
platyhelminths
are a successful phylum with
around 25,000 known species
platyhelminthes
platyhelminths has ___ germ layers
three
three germ layers
tripoblastic
type of symmetry of platyhelminthes
bilateral
Oral and genital apertures mostly appear on what side in platyhelminthes
ventral
Epidermis may be ___ or ____ in platyhelmints
cellular or syncytial
rod-shaped, swell to form a protective mucous sheath around the body
rhabdites
what tegument is in Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoda and some Turbellaria
syncytial/cellular
syncytial
Muscular system of _____origin, in the form of a sheath of circular, longitudinal, and oblique layers beneath the epidermis or tegument
mesodermal
does platyhelminth have body space?
what is the terrm
no, acoelomate
other than digestive tube; spaces between organs filled with ______ in platyhelminth
parenchyma
Digestive system incomplete/complete (gastrovascular type); absent/present in some
incomplete
absent
Nervous system consisting of a pair of anterior ganglia with longitudinal nerve cords connected by a transverse nerves and located in the parenchyma in most forms; similar to cnidarians in some
platyhelminths
Simple sense organs; eyespots in some
platyhelminths
Excretory system of two lateral canals with branches bearing flame cells or what
protenophridia
Most forms are monoecious/dioecious; reproductive system complex; usually with well developed gonads,ducts , and accessory organs;
monoecious
platyhelminths have internal/external fertilization
internal
-Life cycle simple in free-swimming forms and those with single host
-Complicated life cycle involving several hosts in many internal parasites
Platyhelminthes
class that is mostly free living in platyhelminthes
Turbellaria
parasitic platyhelminthes (3)
Classes Monogenea, Trematoda and Cestoda
-Mostly free-living
-5mm-50cm in length
-With soft flattened bodies covered with ciliated epidermis containing secreting cells and rodlike bodies (rhabdites)
-Mouth usually on ventral surface sometimes near center of body
-No body cavity except intercellular spaces in parenchyma
-Mostly hermaphroditic
-Some have asexual fission
What Class
Class Turbellaria
Order under turbellaria
Tricladida
gut with 3 distinct branches
what order
Tricladida
(~80 freshwater species)
family under Turbellaria
Planariidae
example under Planariidae
Planaria
Polycelis
Family under Turbelaria that is common in streams, lakes & ponds; Possess eyes with multicellular retinas and pigment cup
Reproduce by asexual fission
Dugesiidae
Planarian scientific name
Girardia tigrina
study the parts of the planaria
+1
Subclass under Class Cestoda
Eucestoda
Family under Cestoda
Taeniidae
example of Taeniddae
Taenia saginata
Taenia solium
Small anterior hooked attachment organ
scolex
Division of body into segments
proglottids
do class cestoda have digestive tract?
no
kestos means
girdle
eidos means
form
-Body covered with nonciliated, syncytial tegument
-General form of the body tapelike
what class
Cestoda
a chain of proglottids
strobila
-No digestive organs
-Usually monoecious
-Parasitic in digestive tract
what class
Cestoda
give the taxonomic account of Taenia saginata
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: cestoda
Order: Cyclophyllidea
Family: Taeniidae
Genus: Taenia
Species: saginata
Scientific name: Taenia saginata
give the taxonomic account of Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Cestoda
Order: Cyclophyllidea
Family: Taeniidae
Genus: Taenia
Species: solium
Scientific name: Taenia solium
trema means
hole
Digenean flukes
what class
Trematoda
-Body covered with a syncytial tegument without cilia
-Leaflike of cylindrical in shape
-Usually with oral and ventral suckers
-No hooks
-Alimentary canal usually with two main -branches
-Mostly monoecious
-Life cycle complex (first host =mollusc) (final host = vertebrates)
Class Trematoda
Family of blood flukes
Schistosomatidae
Family of Fasciola hepatica
Echinostomida
Family of Opisthorchis, Clonorchis sinensis
Opishtorchiidae
liver fluke
Fasciola hepatica
-Sheep and cattle are reservoir hosts.
-Juvenile worms cause anemia, damage to the liver parenchyma, and may lodge in ectopic locations e.g., the brain or eye
-adults damage the bile ducts.
Fasciola hepatica
Infections are contracted by eating uncooked aquatic plants on which metacercariae have encysted.
Fasciola hepatica
give the taxonomic account of Fasciola hepatica
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Subclass: Digenea
Order: Echinostomida
Suborder: Echinostomata
Family: Fasciolidae
Genus: Fasciola
Species: hepatica
Scientific name: Fasciola hepatica
Common name: Liver fluke
-Infections with this liver fluke are contracted in Asia by eating uncooked freshwater fish in which metacercariae have encysted.
-Piscivorous mammals can serve as reservoir hosts.
-Although the liver parenchyma is not invaded, heavy infections may cause such damage to the bile ducts that jaundice, hepatomegaly, ascites, and death occur.
Clonorchis sinensis
see the labelled Clonorchis sinensis
+1
-Posterior, tandem, dendritic testes
-Relatively large seminal receptacle anterior to the testes
-Gravid uterus
-Vitelline glands, confined to the middle of the body.
Clonorchis sinensis
Give the taxonomic account of Clonorchis sinensis
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Order: ophisthorchiida
Family: Opisthorchiidae
Genus: Clonorchis
Species: sinensis
Clonorchis sinensis
see the Schistosoma japonicum label
+1
Digestive system of _____ is very simple: They have only one bifurcated digestive tract. Their digestion is performed by frame cells, and they seems to have no excretory pore.
schistosomes
what cells perform the digestion of schistosomes
frame cells
give the taxonomic account of schistosoma japonicum
Phylum: Platyhelminthes
Class: Trematoda
Subclass: Digenea
Order: Strigeidida
Genus: Schistosoma
Species: japonicum
Scientific name: Schistosoma japonicum
Common name: Human blood fluke
Nema means
thread
-only about 80 000 species have been described
-live in a vast variety of habitats,
ecologically they can be divided into free living forms and parasitic forms.
Nematoda
1)Bilaterally symmetrical, and vermiform. 2)Body has more than two cell layers, tissues and organs.
3)Body cavity is a pseudocoel, body fluid under high pressure.
4)Body possesses a through gut with a subterminal anus.
5)Body covered in a complex cuticle.
6)Has a nervous system with pharyngeal nerve ring.
7)Has no circulatory system (no blood system)
8)Reproduction normally sexual and gonochoristic.
9)Feed on just about everything.
10)Live just about everywhere, many species are endoparasites.
what phylum
nematoda
also known as whipworm
Trichuris trichura
give the taxonomic account of Trichuris trichura
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Adenophorea
Order: Trichocepalida
Family: Trichuridae
Genus: Trichuris
Species: trichiura
Scientific name: Trichuris trichura
see label of trichur trichuria
+1
also known as pinworm/threadworm
Enterobius vermicularis
give the taxonomic account of Entorobious vermicularis
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Subclass: Spiruria
Order: Oxyurida
Family: Oxyuridae
Genus: Enterobius
Species: vermicularis
Scientific name: Enterobius vermicularis
also known as pork worm
Trichinella spiralis
give the taxonomic account of Pork worm
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Adenophorea
Order: Trichocephalida
Family Trichinellidae
Genus: Trichinella
Species: spiralis
Scientific name: Trichinella spiralis
also known as Giant roundworm
Ascaris lumbricoides
give the taxonomic accoutn of Ascaris lumbricoides
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Order: Ascaridida
Family: Ascarididae
Genus: Ascaris
Species: lumbricoides
Scientific name: Ascaris lumbricoides
also known as dog hookwrom
Ancylostoma caninum
taxonomic account of dog hookworm
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Nematoda
Class: Secernentea
Order: Strongylida
Family: Ancylostomatidae
Genus: ancylostoma
Species: caninum
Scientific name: Ancylostoma caninum
The male is easily recognized by its conspicuous copulatory bursa, an expanded posterior portion of the worm used for grasping the female during mating.
Ancylostoma caninum
