Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systematic Biology > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The extant nonangiospermous seed plant are included within the group known as

A

gymnosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

gymnos means

A

naked

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gymnosperm are in fact a what group

A

monophyletic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most basal lineage of gymnosperms

A

cycads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cycads

A

cycadophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

follows cycads in basal lineage

A

gingko

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gingko

A

gingkophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

followed gingko

A

conifers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

conifers

A

coniferophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

most frequently placed within the conifers often as a sister group to pinaceae

A

gnetales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

flowering plants

A

angiosperms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

woody plants, monophyletic lineage of the vascular plants that share derived features of a vascular cambium

A

lignophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

gives rise to wood

A

vascular cambium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

produces cork

A

cork cambium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

seed plants are also known as

A

spermatophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

major evolutionary novelty

A

seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

immature diploid developing from the zygote, surrounded by nutritive tissue enveloped by a seed coat

A

seed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

immarute root

A

radicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

shoot apical meristem

A

epicotyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

young seed leaves

A

cotyledont

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

transition between root and stem

A

hypocotyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

immature seed, prior to fertilization

A

ovule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

formation of two types of haploid spores within two types of sporangia

A

heterospory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

develop via meiosis in the megasporangium

A

megaspores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

products of meiosis in microsporangium

A

microspores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

complete development of female gametophyte within the original spore wall

A

endospory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

two ways megaspore can be reduced

A

megasporangium # of cells reduction
3 megaspores aborting, leaving one functional megaspore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

megaspore mother cell

A

megasporocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

final event in seed evolution, the envelopment of the megasporangium by a tissue called

A

integument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

where does the integument grows?

A

megasporangium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

base of megasporangium is called what when surrounded by an integument

A

nuclleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

small pore at the distal end of the integument

A

micropyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

immature, endosporic male gametophyte

A

pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

extremely reduced main gametophytes

A

pollen grains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

function of male gametophyte that obtains nutrition by absorption from the surrounding sporophytic tissue

A

haustorial organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

relatively ancient group of plants that were once more common than today and serve as a fodder for plant-eating nonavian dinosaurs

A

cycadophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

source of food starch (termed as sago)

A

cycadophyta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

monophyletic lineage consisting of plants with a mostly short erect stem or trunk, rarely tall and palm like

A

cycads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

loss of axillary branching on the aerial trunk is a

A

cycads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

type of venation in cycads

A

circinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

all cycad individuals are either male or female and the plant sex is termed ____

A

dioecious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

sole genus of Cycadaceae

A

Cycas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

do not form female cones

A

Cycas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

seeds are produced on the lower margins of numerous female sporophylls (also called megasporophylls) in what group of plants?

A

Cycas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

differs from the Cycadaceae having both male and female cones

A

Zamiaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

male and female cones

A

strobili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

male sporangia is called what

A

microsporangia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

have extensive fossil record but contain only one extant species

A

gingkgophytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

only one extant species of gingko

A

ginkgo biloba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

are dioecious and has a motile sperm, do not bear structures that resemble sporophylls

A

gingkgo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

comprise a monophyletic group of highly branched trees or shrubs with simple leaves, the latter a possible apomorphy for the group

A

conifers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

leaves in conifers are clustered into this, in which adjacent internodes are very short in length

A

short shoots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

specialized short shoot consisting of a stem tissue, one or more needle shaped leaves, and persistent basal bud scales

A

fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

apomorphy of conifers and ____ include loss of sperm motility

A

gnetales

55
Q

male gametophyte developing pollen tubes in conifers

A

siphogamous

56
Q

seed bearing structure, modified laterla branch system

A

ovuliferous scale

57
Q

monkey puzzle and norfolk island pine

A

Araucariaceae

58
Q

cypress family

A

Cupressaceae

59
Q

yew pine

A

Podocarpaceae

60
Q

yews

A

Taxaceae

61
Q

pine family (cedars, pines, spruces, firs, larches, and hemlock)

A

Pinaceae

62
Q

also referred to as gnetopsida or sometimes gnetophyta, interesting group containing three extant families

A

gnetales

63
Q

extant families of Gnetales

A

Ephedraceae
Gnetaceae
Welwitschiaceae

64
Q

thought to be sister group of angiosperms united by some obscure features such as whorled, somewhat perianth-like microsporophylls that resemble fowers

A

Gnetales

65
Q

rather common desert plant shrub and can be recognized by the photosynthetic striate stems and very reduced scale-like leaves

A

Ephedra

66
Q

double fertilization is a long definining characteristic of what group of animals

A

angiosperms

67
Q

flowering plants

A

ngiosperms

68
Q

describes the general appearance of plant, including size, shape,and growth form and orientation

A

plant habit

69
Q

plant in which any aboveground shoots, whether vegetative or reproductive, die back at the end of an annual growth season

A

herb

70
Q

plant with elongate, weak stems that are generally supported by means of scrambling, twining, tendrisl or roots

A

vine

71
Q

vine that is perennial and woody, major components in tree canopy layer of some tropical forest

A

Liana

72
Q

perennial, woody plant with several main stems arising at ground level

A

shrub

73
Q

defined as generally tall, perennial, woody plant having one main stem (The trunk) arising at ground level

A

tree

74
Q

pertains to the general environment where the plant is growing

A

plant habitat

75
Q

plants that grow on land

A

terrestrial

76
Q

plants that grow on water

A

aquatic

77
Q

plants that occur underwater

A

submerged

78
Q

plants that occur at the water surface

A

floating

79
Q

plants that have roots or stems anchored to the substrate under water and aerial shoots growing above water

A

emergent

80
Q

plant found along streams and river banks

A

rheophyte

81
Q

plants that grow on other plants

A

epiphyte

82
Q

consist of one main vertical root derived from the radicle that penetrates the soil deeply, and helps prevent the plant from toppling

A

taproot

83
Q

has no single, main root only large number of similar slender roots that strongly anchor the plant to the soil

A

fibrous root

84
Q

taproot become greatly thickened and serve as storage organ for food and water

A

storage root

85
Q

associated with epiphytic plants, adventitious roots that generally do not enter the soil

A

aerial roots

86
Q

characteristic of leguminous plants such as beans and peas, sites in the root where nitrogen-fixing bacteria can live

A

root nodules

87
Q

adaptations of plants that grow in waterlogged environment such as swamps or marshes

A

pneumatophores

88
Q

adventitious roots that grow from the base of the stem above the soil line and function to provide additional support to the plant

A

prop roots

89
Q

enlarged, horizontally spreading and often vertically thickened roots at the base of the trees that aid in mechanical support, they are found in certain tropical or marsh/swamp tree species

A

buttress roots

90
Q

specialized roots among parasitic plants that penetrate the tissues of a host plant

A

haustoria

91
Q

character describing the relative position of the stem or shoot, but may also be based on stem structure, growth, and orientation

A

stem habit

92
Q

plant with above stem

A

caulescent

93
Q

one that lacks and aboveground stem, other than the infloresence axis

A

acaulescent

94
Q

stem that are treelike in appearance and size

A

arborescent

95
Q

have the habit of a shrub, with numerous, woody aerial trunks

A

frutescent

96
Q

being basally woody and herbaceous apically, the habit of a subshrub

A

suffrutescent

97
Q

plants that are trailing or lying flat, not rooting at the notes

A

prostrate

98
Q

creeping or lying flat but rooting at the nodes

A

repent

99
Q

basally prostrate but apically ascending

A

decumbent

100
Q

stem habit, in which multiple aerial but short-stemmed shoots arise from the base, forming a much-branched cushion

A

cespitose

101
Q

underground stems that serve as storage and protective organs

A

rootstocks

102
Q

shoot consist of small amount of vertical stem tissue

A

bulb

103
Q

shoot consist of generally globose stem tissue surrounded by scanty, scale-like leaves

A

corm

104
Q

rootstock consisting of relatively undifferentiated but vertically oriented stem

A

caudex

105
Q

stem is horizontal and underground, typically with short internodes

A

rhizome

106
Q

consist of a thick, underground storage stem, usually not upright

A

tuber

107
Q

horizontal stem with long internodes that runs on or just below the ground producing new plants

A

stolon or runner

108
Q

flatenned modified photosynthetic stem as found in cactus

A

cladode

109
Q

water storing stem that allows plants survive subsequent drought periods

A

succulent

110
Q

low swollen, perennial storage stem (at or above ground level), from which arise annual or nonpersistent photosynthetic shoots

A

caudiciform stem

111
Q

woody trunklike stem that is swolen basally, the swollen region functioning in storage

A

Pachycaul

112
Q

sharp pointed stem or shoot

A

thorn

113
Q

modified, reduced, non-elongating shoot apical meristem bearing leaf spines

A

areole

114
Q

long, slender, coiling branch, adapted for climbing

A

tendril

115
Q

refers to arrangement and pattern of veins and vein branching in the leaf blade

A

leaf venation

116
Q

exhibits a pattern where primary and secondary veins are essentially parallel to one another

A

parallel venation

117
Q

one where the ultimate veinlets from an interconnecting netlike pattern

A

netted venation

118
Q

pertains to nature of the joining of the leaf to the stern

A

leaf attachment

119
Q

describes a leaf with a petiole or a stalk

A

petiolate

120
Q

pertains to a leaf without petiole

A

sessile

121
Q

describe a flattened leaf base partially or wholly

A

sheathing

122
Q

leaf apears to be extended down the stem

A

decurrent

123
Q

describes a sessile leaf with the base of the blade completely surrounding the stem

A

perfoliate

124
Q

originally derived from the bark of willow trees

A

aspirin

125
Q

obtained from the Madagascar periwinkle to treat childhood leukemia

A

vincristine
vinblastine

126
Q

taxonomic account for sago palm

A

gya

127
Q

taxonomic account for cardboard plam

A

gya

128
Q

taxaonomic account for common juniper

A

gya

129
Q

taxonomic account for northwestern white cedar

A

gya

130
Q

taxonomic account for narra

A

gya

131
Q

taxonomic account for gumamela

A

gya

132
Q

taxonomic account for yew plum pine

A

gya

133
Q
A

Systematic Biology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions