Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systematic Biology > Kingdom Fungi > Flashcards

Kingdom Fungi Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

used inclusively for a heterogenous group of organisms that have traditionally been studied by mycologists

A

fungus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

refers to the organisms in the Kingdom Fungi

A

fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Eukaryotic organisms

A

fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Heterotrophic organism devoid of chlorophyll that obtains its nutrients by absorption

A

fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Reproduced by spores

A

fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

primary carbohydrate storage product

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

true fungi

A

eumycota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

most fungi have these composed of a hyphae that elongate by tip growth

A

thallus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mass of hyphae

A

mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

structure of fungi (3)

A

hyphae
mycelium
thalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

nutritional type of fungi

A

heterotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

are fungi multicellular/unicellular

A

all are multicellular except yeasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

cellular arrangement of fungi

A

unicellular
filamentous
flesh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

food acquisition method of fungi

A

absorptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

characteristic features of fungi

A

sexual and asxeual spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what organelles does the fungi have (6)

A

mitochondrion
rER
nucleus
cell wall
cell membrane
golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

tubular units of construction

A

hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a hard wall of chitin

A

hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

this part of hyphae may form compartments

A

hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

grow at tips

A

hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

reproductive cells of fungi

A

spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Spores can be formed on

A

directly on hyphae
inside sporangia
fruiting bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hierarchal classification of A. campestris L

start from Kingdom to species

A

➢ Kingdom: Fungi
➢ Phylum: Basidiomycota
➢ Class: Basidiomycetes
➢ Order: Agricales
➢ Family: Agaricaceae
➢ Genus: Agaricus
➢ Species: A. campestris L.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

kingdom name of fungi

A

Mycetaceae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

exhibits different kind of forms and complexity

A

Kingdom Fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

approximate number of fungi

A

144,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

two groups of fungi

A

macroscopic
microscopic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

example of macroscopic fungi

A

mushroom, puffballs, gill fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

example of microscopic fungi

A

molds, yeast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what material is fungi’s cell wall made up of

A

chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

also found in insect exoskeleton and other arthropods and polysaccharides

A

chitin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

encloses the protoplast

A

cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

differentiated to other cell parts such as cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell organelle, and nuclei

A

protoplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

obtaining their nutrition by feeding on dead organic substances,

A

sacprophytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

(biotrophs) that can infect the host

A

parasitic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

the fungi living an interdependent relationship association with other species in which both are mutually benefited

A

symbiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Found in wide variety of habitats, but seems especially adapted to dark, moist environments

A

kingdom fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Also thrive in substrate with high salt or sugar content, at relatively high temperatures, even in snow and glaciers

A

kingdom fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

most fungi are these that produce powerful digestive enzymes that they introduce into their immediate environment to break down organic matter

A

decomposers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

fungi can also live in this type of wood

A

timber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

energy reserve of fungi, as it is in animals and bacteria

A

glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

serve as an important storage function in fungi

A

lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

fungus body (thallus) in a vegetative condition

A

mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Food absorbing portion of the fungal body

A

mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Consist of a woven, intertwining mass of hyphae

A

mycelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

two kinds of hyphae

A

septate hyphae
coenocytic hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

another term for coenocytic hyphae

A

ornon septate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

divided into successive compartments by crosswalls or septa

A

septate hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

continuous and without crosswalls

A

coenocytic hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

motile or non-motile spore that maybe produced either sexually or asexually

A

fungi reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

with the exception of this, non-motile spore are the characteristics means of reproduction in fungi

A

chytrids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

some of these are dry and very small

A

spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Can remain suspended in the air for long periods, thus being carried to great heights and distances

A

spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Some are slimy and stick to bodies of insects and other arthropods, which may then spread them from place to place

A

spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

some spore of fungi are propelled this way into the air

A

balistically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

The bright colors and powdery texture of many types of molds are due to this

A

spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Most common method of asexual reproduction

A

spores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

where spore is produced

A

sporangia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Sac-like structure with the entire contents of which are converted into one or more usually many spores

A

sporangia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

some fungi reproduce asexually through this of their hyphae

A

fragmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

hyphal cells that produces spores

A

conidogenous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Cells produced by this occurs singly or in chains and are called conidia

A

conidogenous cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

formed by successive cleavages within a sac like head (sporangium) which is attached to a stalk (sporangiophore)

A

sporangiospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

stalk of a sporangiospore

A

sporangiophore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Initially enclosed but are released when the sporangium ruptures

A

sporangiospores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

free spores not enclosed by a spore bearing sac

A

conidia (conidiospores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Develop either by pinching off of the tip of a special fertile hypha or by segmentation of a pre-existing vegetative hypha

A

conidia (conidiospores)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

rectangular spore formed when the septate hypha fragments at the crosswalls

A

arthrospore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

forms of asexual spore

A

arthrospore
chlamydospore
blastospore
phialospore
porospore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

Greek word for joint

A

arthron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

spherical conidium formed by thickening of a hyphal cell

A

chlamydospore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Released when the surrounding hyphal fractures, and it serves as a survival or resting cells

A

chlamydospore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

spore produced by budding from parent cells that is a yeast or another conidium (also called bud)

A

blastospore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

a conidium that is budded from a mouth of a vase shaped spore bearing cell called a phialide or sterigma, leaving a small collar micronidium or macronidium

A

phialospore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

vase shaped pore bearing cell

A

phialide/sterigma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

one-celled phialospore

A

micronidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

two or more celled phialospore

A

macronidia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

Greek word for vessel

A

phialos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

Greek word for cloak

A

chlamys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

conidium that grows out through small pores in the small bearing cells; some are composed of several cells

A

porospore

81
Q

sexual reproduction of fungi consist of 3 distinct phases

A

plasmogamy
karyogamy
meiosis

82
Q

phases of syngamy of fertilization

A

plasmogamy and karyogamy

83
Q

fusion of protoplasts, preceds karyogamy

A

plasmogamy

84
Q

fusion of nuclei

A

karyogamy

85
Q

In some species, follows plasmogamy immediately, whereas in others the two haploid nucleus do not fuse for some time, forming a _____

A

dikaryon

86
Q

May not take place for several months or years , in which the pairs of nuclei may divide in tandem, producing a dikaryotic mycelium

A

karyogamy

87
Q

eventually the nuclei fuse within a fruiting structure to form this

A

diploid nucleus

88
Q

Sexual reproduction in most fungi results in the formation of spores such as

A

zygospores
ascospores
basidiospores

89
Q

also known as chytrids, are predominantly an aquatic group consisting of about 790 species

A

chytridiomycota

90
Q

Inhabits soils from ditches, banks of ponds and streams

A

chytrids

91
Q

Also found in desert soils and rumens of large herbivorous mammals such as cows

A

chytrids

92
Q

chytrid’s cell walls contain this

A

chitin

93
Q

almost all chytrids have this distinction, with few septa at maturity

A

coenocytic

94
Q

some chytrids are unicellular and do not develop this

A

mycelium

94
Q

chytrids are distinguished from other fungi by this

A

motile cells (zoospores and gametes)

95
Q

Whole organism is transformed into a ____ in unicellular chytrids

A

reproductive structure

96
Q

some chytrids have these that extend into the substrate and serve as an anchor

A

rhizoids

97
Q

some chytrids have this relationship with algae, protozoa, and aquatic oomycetes

A

parasites

98
Q

some chytrids are these on dead insects

A

saprophytic

99
Q

Obtains food by absorbing dissolved material

A

saprophytic

100
Q

most of the species live on decaying plant and animal matter in the soil, while some are parasites of plants, insects, or small soil animals

A

zygomycetes

101
Q

division of zygomycetes

A

zygomycota

102
Q

Form symbiotic associations-endomycorrhizae-with plants

A

zygomycetes

103
Q

➢ Few can cause severe infections in humans and domestic animals

A

zygomycetes

104
Q

most of zygomycetes have these, within the cytoplasm can be seen rapidly

A

coenocytic hyphae

105
Q

zygomycetes can usually be recognized by this, rapidly growing hyphae but some exhibit a unicellular, yeastlike form of growth under certain conditions

A

profuse

106
Q

asexual means of zygomycetes produced in specialized sporangia born on the hyphae

A

haploid spores

107
Q

Black mold that form cottony masses on the surface of moist, carbohydrate rich foods such as bread or similar substances exposed to air

A

rhizopus stolonifera

108
Q

this part of the Rhizopus is composed of several distinct kinds of haploid hyphae

A

mycelium

109
Q

Consist of rapidly growing coenocytic hyphae that grow through substrate, absorbing nutrients

A

mycelium

110
Q

arching hyphae that formed from coenocytic hyphae growing through the substrate

A

stolons

111
Q

From each of this, a sporangiophore arises

A

stolons

112
Q

Sturdy, erect branch that arises from stolon, sporangium bearer

A

sporangiophore

113
Q

begins as a swelling, into which a number of nuclei form, eventually isolated by the formation of a septum

A

sporangium

114
Q

cleaved when a septum is formed, with a cell wall forming around each of the asexually produced nuclei to form spores

A

protoplasm

115
Q

another zygomycete that resembles the colonies of Rhizopus

A

mucor

116
Q

Produces oval spores

A

mucor

117
Q

gives rise to a single sporangiophore with globular sporangium containing a columella and producing no rhizoids

A

nonseptate mycelium

118
Q

phylum Zygomycota is named for its chief characteristic – the formation of sexually produced resting spores called

A

zygospores

119
Q

Often remain dormant for long periods

A

zygospores

120
Q

where zygospores are developed

A

zygosporangia

121
Q

sexual reproduction in R. stolonifera requires the presence of two physiologically distinct mycelia designated what

A

+ and - starins

122
Q

species that require + and – strains for sexual reproduction

A

heterothallic

123
Q

self-fertile species

A

homothallic

124
Q

become separated from the rest of the fungal body by the formation of septa

A

gametogangia

125
Q

walls between to gametangia dissolve, and the two multinucleate protoplasta ____

A

come together

126
Q

occurs at the time of germination so that the spores produced asexually within the new sporangium are haploid

A

meiosis

127
Q

one species of bread mold used in Indonesia and adjacent areas

A

tempeh

128
Q

consist of boiled, skinless soybeans that have been inoculated with a bread mold and set aside for 24 hours

A

tempeh

129
Q

holds the soybeans together in tempeh, producing enzymes that increase the content of several of the B vitamins, and renders the soybean protein more digestible

A

mycelium

130
Q

Chinese cheese that uses bread mold species

A

sufu

131
Q

used commercially to carry out important steps to manufacture birth control pill and anesthetics

A

R. arrhizus and R. nigricans

132
Q

contain the basidiomycetes, commonly known as the club fungi

A

basidiomycota

133
Q

Include smuts, jelly fungi, rusts, shelf fungi, stinkhorns, puffballs, toadstools, mushrooms, and bird’s nest fungi

A

basiodomycota

134
Q

also called club fungi

A

basidiomycota

135
Q

Named for their characteristic structure or cell, the basidium

A

basidiomycota

136
Q

involved in sexual reproduction, produced at the tip of the hyphae and normally is club shaped

A

basidium

137
Q

Greek word for small base

A

basidiion

138
Q

produced by the basidium

A

basidiospores

139
Q

may be held within fruiting bodies (basidiocarps

A

basidia

140
Q

in basidiomycetes, the septa of the mycelium is in this condition

A

perforated

141
Q

in basidiomycetes, karyogamy (does/does not) immediately follow plasmogamy

A

does not

142
Q

mycelium that produces the basidiiomata, fleshy, basidiospore-producing bodies such as mushrooms or puffballs

A

tertiary mycelium

143
Q

its cultivation is a multimillion-dollar business

A

agaricus campestris

144
Q

act as either poisons or hallucinogens

A

alkaloids

145
Q

destroying angel mushroom, an alkaloid

A

amanita phalloides

146
Q

three classes of basidiomycota

A

basidiomycetes
teliomycetes
ustomycetes

147
Q

include all fungi that produce basidiomata (mushrooms, shelf fungi, and puffballs)

A

basidiomycetes

148
Q

rusts

A

teliomycetes

149
Q

masses of fungi that produces spores of teliomycetes and ustomycetes

A

sori

149
Q

smuts

A

ustomycetes

150
Q

monokaryotic mycelia of club fingi often occur in four mating types, with only two pairs being able to mate with each other

A

1 and 3
types 2 and 4

151
Q

very dense, compact solid-looking mass that the diakaryotic mycelium forms

A

button

152
Q

pushes above the surface and expands into a basidioma, commonly called a mushroom

A

button

153
Q

mushroom parts (4)

A

pileus
stipe
annulus
volva

154
Q

expanded umbrella like cap

A

pileus

155
Q

stalk of a mushroom

A

stipe

156
Q

ring on the stalk

A

annulus

157
Q

some mushrooms have this cup at the base

A

volva

158
Q

also known as the sac fungi

A

ascomycota

159
Q

contains the fungi called ascomycetes, commonly known as the sac fungi

A

ascomycota

160
Q

most of the red, brown, and blue-green molds that cause food spoilage are these

A

ascomycetes

161
Q

also includes yeasts and edible morels and truffles

A

ascomycetes

162
Q

ascomycete pink bread mold that is used in genetics and biochemistry

A

neurospora crassa

163
Q

parasitizes rye and other grasses, causing the disease ergot

A

claviceps purpurea

164
Q

toxic conditions in humans and animals who eat grain infected with the fungus is accompanied by gangrene, psychotic delusions, nervous spams, abortion, and convulsions

A

ergotism

165
Q

pharmacological activities of ergot are due to this

A

lysergic acid diethylamide

166
Q

LSD mean

A

lysergic acid diethylamide

167
Q

in controlled dosages, this can be used to induce labor, lower blood pressure, and ease migraine headaches

A

ergot

168
Q

reproductive structure of ascomycetes

A

saclike ascus

169
Q

asexual reproduction in ascomycetes takes place through this

A

conidiospores

170
Q

male mycelium

A

antheridium

171
Q

female mycelium

A

ascogonium

172
Q

filamentous, cosmopolitan and ubiquitous found in nature

A

aspergillus

173
Q

Commonly isolated from soil, plant debris, and indoor air environment

A

aspergillus

174
Q

commont contaminants on various substrates

A

aspergillus spp.

175
Q

Most common genus of fungi in our environment which includes over 185 specie

A

aspergillus

176
Q

2nd most common fungal infection requiring hospitalization in the United States

A

aspergillosis

177
Q

most commonly isolated species

A

aspergillus fumigatus

178
Q

single-celled spores appear in chains in microscopic

A

conidia

179
Q

terminal bulb of the conidiopore

A

vesicle

180
Q

spore created in the body

A

endospore

181
Q

spore created outside the body

A

exospore

182
Q

single-celled fungi, considered as natural as fruit and vegetables as many

A

yeast

183
Q

used to leaven bread throughout the world and it is the type of yeast

A

baker’s yeast

184
Q

Produced from the genus and species of yeast called Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A

baker’s yeast

185
Q

means sugar

A

saccharo

186
Q

means fungus

A

myces

187
Q

a typical yeast’s cell is equal in size to this

A

human red blood cell

188
Q

shape of yeast cells

A

spherical to ellipsoidal

189
Q

Yeast reproduce asexually by

A

transverse division
budding

190
Q

yeast produce sexually by

A

spore formation

191
Q

yeasts can also produce these

A

pseudohyphae

192
Q

fungi whose sexual stage has not been observed yet is initially classified as this

A

imperfect fungi

193
Q

all imperfect fungi reproduce by this means

A

conidia

194
Q

division of imperfect fungi

A

deuteromycota

195
Q

imperfect fungi parasitizes them and other small animals

A

protozoans

196
Q
A

Systematic Biology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions