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Systematic Biology > Domain Archaea and Eubacteria > Flashcards

Domain Archaea and Eubacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

thick peptidoglycan =>
thin peptidoglycan

A

thick - gram +
thin - gram -

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2
Q

(+) outer membrane
: (-) outer membrane

A

(+) outer membrane - gram -
(-) outer membrane - gram +

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3
Q

stains purple after Gram staining
stains pink after Gram staining

A

purple - gram +
pink - gram -

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4
Q

prokaryotic
eukaryotic

both archaea and eubacteria
archaea
eubacteria
neither archaea and eubacteria

A

prokaryotic - both archaea and eubacteria
eukaryotic - neither archaea and eubacteria

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5
Q

(+) cell membnrae
(+) cell wall

archaea, eubacteria, both, neither

A

(+) cell membrane - both
(+) cell wall - both

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6
Q

pseudopeptidoglycan cell wall
peptidoglycan cell wall

archaea, eubacteria, both, neither

A

pseudo - archaea
peptido - eubacteria

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7
Q

95% of ethanol or acetone serves as _____ in Gram staining.

A

decolorizer

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8
Q

_____ is the sole representative species of Nanoarchaea. It forms an obligate symbiotic relationship with _____.

A

nanoarchaeum equitans
ignococcus

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9
Q

_____ are spores produced outside the cell.

A

exospores

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10
Q

_____ spore is found at the end of the cell.

A

terminal

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11
Q

_____ spore is found in the middle of the cell.

A

central

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12
Q

_____ serves as the counterstain in Gram staining.

A

safranin

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13
Q

The mordant used in Gram staining is _____.

A

iodine

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14
Q

Chlamydia has a cell wall made of peptidoglycan and is associated with STDs.

A

false

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15
Q

_____ is a classification of spherical bacteria arranged in 4s.

A

tetrad

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16
Q

principal source of carbon utilization is CO2

A

autotrophs

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17
Q

purple and green sulfur bacteria

A

photoautotrophs

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18
Q

depend on the others’ organic compounds

A

heterotrophs

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19
Q

utilize light as their source of energy

A

phototrophs

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20
Q

energy from the oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds

A

chemotrophs

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21
Q

use inorganic compounds as the electron source

A

lithotrophs

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22
Q

use organic compounds as the electron source

A

organotrophs

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23
Q

Crystal violet serves as the _____ in Gram staining.

A

primary stain

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24
Q

grow best at pH 0 to pH 5.5 =>

A

acidophile

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25
Q

: grow best at pH 5.5 to pH 8.0

A

neutrophile

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26
Q

grow best at pH 8.0 to pH 11.5

A

alkalophile

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27
Q

grow best at -5C to 20C

A

psychrophile

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28
Q

grow best at 15C to 45C

A

mesophile

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29
Q

grow best at 42C to 80C

A

thermophile

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30
Q

grow best at 65C to 105C

A

hyperthermophile

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31
Q

require 2% of atmospheric oxygen for growth

A

microaerophile

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32
Q

no oxygen level preference

A

aerotolerant

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33
Q

: grow in the absence and presence of oxygen but prefers O2 presence

A

facultative aerobe

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34
Q

classification of bacteria characterized by its comma-shaped cells

A

vibrio

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35
Q

s a classification of bacteria with grape-like clustered spherical cells

A

staphylococcus

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36
Q

a prokaryotic cell that has an outer cell membrane that serves as a barrier between the cell and its environmen

A

archaea

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37
Q

Most similar to gram-positive bacteria

A

archaea

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38
Q

an archaea’s cell wall is made up of these

A

pseudomorein

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39
Q

Thrive in extreme environments

A

archaea

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40
Q

derives energy from inorganic compounds

A

chemoautotrophs

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41
Q

obtains energy from organic matter

A

heterotroph

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42
Q

ability to produce methane (methanogenesis), utilize alternative energy sources like sulfur or hydrogen gas, and perform photosynthesis

A

archaea

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43
Q

ways in which an element or compound moves between its various living and nonliving forms and locations in the biosphere

A

biogeochemical cycle

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44
Q

can be found in the digestive tracts of animals

A

methanogenic archaea

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45
Q

archaea has a symbiotic association with these

A

marine animals

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46
Q

archaea can be found in these but are typically not associated with human diseases

A

human microbiomes

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47
Q

includes methanogens and halobacteria

A

euryarchaeota

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48
Q

produce methane as a metabolic waste product

A

methanogens

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49
Q

Can cause flatulence in humans and other animals

A

methanogens

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50
Q

thrive in extreme saline environments and can form reddish blooms due to bacteriorhodopsin presence

A

halobacteria

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51
Q

play a crucial role in carbon fixation

A

crenarchaeota

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52
Q

Members are extremophiles that are (3)

A

sulfur dependent
thermophilic
hyperthermophilic

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53
Q

grows in volcanic springs at high temperature and low pH

A

sulfolobolus

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54
Q

nanoarchaeota contains a single species ____

A

nanoarchaeum equitans

55
Q

Isolated from the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean and hydrothermal vents at Yellowstone National Park

A

nanoarchaeum equitans

56
Q

nanoarchaeota forms a obligate symbiotic relationship with this

A

ignococcus

57
Q

considered as one of the most primitive forms of life

A

korarchaeota

58
Q

Found only in the Obsidian Pool, a hot spring at Yellowstone National Park

A

korarchaeota

59
Q

studying them expands our understanding of life’s limit and potential

A

extremophile

60
Q

produce methane that affect global climate change

A

methanogens

61
Q

archaea provide energy through these in symbiotic associations with marine animals

A

chemosynthesis

62
Q

aid digestion and methane production in ruminant animals

A

methanogens

63
Q

mammal of the suborder Ruminantia that mostly have four-chambered stomach and two toed feet

A

ruminant animals

64
Q

prokaryotic cell with a (+) cell membrane

A

eubacteria

65
Q

a eubacteria’s cell wall is made of this

A

peptidoglycan

66
Q

some eubacteria can fix this for other organisms

A

nitrogen

67
Q

proteobacteria (5)

A

alphaproteobacteria
betaproteobacteria
gammaproteobacteria
deltaproteobacteria
epsilonproteobacteria

68
Q

photoautotrophic, symbionts, pathogens of proteobacteria

A

alphaproteobacteria

69
Q

human gut symbionts and pathogens of proteobacteria

A

beta proteobacteria

70
Q

generate spore-forming fruiting bodies or reduce sulfur of proteobacteria

A

gamma proteobacteria

71
Q

in animal digestive tracts and hydrothermal vents of proteobacteria

A

epsilon proteobacteria

72
Q

obligate intracellular parasites of animal cells

A

chlamydiae

73
Q

do chlamydiae have a peptidoglycan layer

A

no

74
Q

spiral-shaped cells with flagella running lengthwise

A

spirochetes

75
Q

obtain energy through photosynthesis

A

cyanobacteria

76
Q

has a (+) thick cell wall and (-) outer membrane

A

gram positive bactera

77
Q

spherical-shaped bacteria

A

cocci

78
Q

rod-shaped bacteria

A

bacilli

79
Q

spiral-shaped bacteria

A

spirilla

80
Q

short rods

A

coccobacilli

81
Q

comma-shaped

A

vibrio

82
Q

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes what gram test result

A

gram +

83
Q

thinner peptidoglycan layer and outer membrane

A

gram -

84
Q

Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram test result

A

gram -

85
Q

principal source of carbon utilization is CO2

A

autotrophs

86
Q

example is Purple and green sulfur bacteria

A

autotrophs

87
Q

depend on others’ organic compounds

A

heterotrophs

88
Q

Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Proteus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus acidophilus are what (autotrophs, heterotrophs,…)

A

heterotrophs

89
Q

utilize light as their source of energy

A

phototrophs

90
Q

what are Chromatum okenii, Rhodospirillum rubrum

A

phototrophs

91
Q

energy from the oxidation of organic or inorganic compounds

A

chemotrophs

92
Q

examples are Nitrosomonas, Pseudosomonas pseudoflava

A

chemotrophs

93
Q

use of inorganic compounds as the electron source

A

litotrophs

94
Q

examples areNitrobacter, Thiobacillus dentrificans, Nitrosomonas

A

lithotrophs

95
Q

use organic compounds as the electron source

A

organotrophs

96
Q

example are Pseudomonas pseudoflava

A

organotrophs

97
Q

flagellum is present only at one end of the bacteria

A

monotrichous

98
Q

polarly flagellated and include pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

monotrichous

99
Q

cluster of flagella is present only at one end of bacteria

A

lophotrichous

100
Q

example is Pseudomonas fluorescens

A

lophotrichous

101
Q

flagella are present in both ends of the bacteria in single or clusters

A

amphitrichous

102
Q

example is Aquaspirillum serpens

A

amphitrichous

103
Q

flagella are present all around the body

A

peritrichous

104
Q

example are Salmonella Typhi

A

peritrichous

105
Q

do not form spores

A

non-spore formers

106
Q

are e. coli, staphylococcus aureus spore formers

A

no

107
Q

produces spores

A

spore former

108
Q

produced outside the cell

A

exospores

109
Q

produced inside the cell but at different locations

A

endospores

110
Q

grow at low pH with the pH optimum of pH 0 to 5.5

A

acidophiles

111
Q

Sulfolobus, Picrophilus, Ferroplasma, Cyanidium caldarium

acidophiles, alkalophiles, neutrophiles?

A

acidophiles

112
Q

grow at neutral pH with a pH optimum of 5.5 to 8.0

A

neutrophiles

113
Q

Escherichia coli, Salmonella

acidophile, neutrophile, alkalophile

A

neutrophile

114
Q

– these bacteria grow at high pH with a pH optimum of 8.0 to 11.5

A

alkalophiles

115
Q

Bacillus alcalophilus, Natronobacterium

acidophiles, alkalophiles, neutrophiles

A

alkalophiles

116
Q

aerobe that requires oxygen for aerobic respiration

A

obligate aerobes

117
Q

not only require an anaerobic atmosphere for growth but are inhibited by oxygen

A

obligate anaerobes

118
Q

is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent

A

facultative aerobes

119
Q

an organism, like bacteria, that produces cellular ATP energy without oxygen. However, it can grow in the presence of oxygen

A

aerotolerant anaerobes

120
Q

a microorganism that requires environments containing lower levels of dioxygen than that are present in the atmosphere

A

microaerophiles

121
Q

governs the scientific naming for Bacteria and Archaea

A

international code of nomenclature of prokaryotes

122
Q

establishes rules for naming taxa of bacteria based on their relative rank

A

international code of nomenclature of prokaryotes

123
Q

it originally included references to bacteria but were removed in 1975

A

international code of botanical nomenclature

124
Q

early code for this was approved in 1947 but later discarded

A

bacterial nomenclature

125
Q

latest printed version of the ICNP was dated this, but it does not represent the current rules

A

1990

126
Q

published in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

A

2008 revision of International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes

127
Q

maintains and updates the rules of ICNP

A

International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes

128
Q

were covered by botanical code until 1975

A

cyanobacteria

129
Q

Was included starting in 1999 in both botanical and bacteriological codes, causing nomenclatural problems

A

cyanobacteria

130
Q

covers most bacteria except cyanobacteria until 1975

A

bacteriological code

131
Q

By 2021, the international committee on systematics of prokaryotes (ICSP) held a formal vote and chose what

➢ Excluding cyanobacteria from the bacteriological code
➢ Applying the bacteriological code to all cyanobacteria
➢ Considering valid publication under the botanical code as valid under the bacteriological code

A

➢ Considering valid publication under the botanical code as valid under the bacteriological code

132
Q

since 2001, this must be designated when describing a new bacterial or archaeal species

A

type strain

133
Q

living culture to which the scientific name of the organism is attached

A

type strain

134
Q
A

Systematic Biology (18 decks)

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