Annelida to Arthropoda Flashcards
segmented worms
annelida
majority of annelids are (aquatic/terrestrial)
aquatic
land dwelling annelids are confined mostly to what function
burrowers
annelida that are fully terrestrial in humid environments
leeches
have bodies consisting of essentially similar ringlike segments (somites or metameres)
annelida
ringlike segments of annelids
somites or metameres
usually shows in both external and internal features, including muscles, nerves, and circulatory, excretory, and reproductive organs
segmentation
The body is covered by a thin moist cuticle over columnar epithelium containing unicellular gland cells and sensory cells.
annelida
annelids are
symmetry:
layers:
body shape:
bilateral
triploblastic
elongate and segmented
Appendages are minute rodlike chitinous ____ what in annelida
setae
annelids that have fleshy tentacles on its head and has the setae situated on the lateral fleshy parapodia
polychaeta
class of annelid that lack setae
hirudinea
Annelids have ___ digestive canal in present in a tubular shape, extending the whole length of the body
complete
annelid have close/open circulatory system of longitudinal blood vessels with branches extending laterally in each segment
close circulatory system
what cells are usually present in the blood plasma.
dissolved hemogoblin and free amoebocytes
Respiration occurs via the epidermis or through gills in some tube dweller species or parapodia.
annelida
excretory system of annelids consist of one pair of ____ per segment
nephridia
removes waste from the coelom and bloodstream directly to the outside world.
nephridia
brain in annelida
ganglia
The sexes are united and the development in the case of what class in annelids
oligochaeta
hirudinea
the sexes are separate and the development includes a trocophore larval stage as with the (what class)
polychaeta
Some species of Oligochaeta and Polychaeta reproduce asexually by ___
budding
earthworms
oligochaeta
leeches class
hirudinea
bristle-worms
polychaeta
Most earthworms and their equals are inhabitants of damp soil and fresh waters.
what annelida class
oligochaeta
The leeches are found mainly in fresh water or on moist ground
what class of annelida
hirudinea
The marine worms are found chiefly in close vicinity of the shore
what class of bristle worms
polychaeta
the first true body segment in an annelid worm’s body in the anterior end.
peristomium
three different prostomium
epilobic
zygolobic
tanylobic
the cephalized first body segment in an annelid worm’s body at the anterior end
prostomium
Adult (sexually mature) earthworms have a distinct swelling called
clitellum
-located about one-third of the way down the earthworm
-often white or orange in colour
-It produces most of the material secreted to form earthworm cocoons.
clitelum
Forms a band that can be flared, non-flared, saddle-shaped, or annular. It is generally found between segments 26 and 33
clitellum
shorter region above the clitellum is the ____ part of the annelid
anterior
below the clitellum is the ___ end of the annelid
posterior or tail end
is the final body segment in annelid worms.
periproct
The number and arrangement of ___ are important clues to the identification in annelids
setae
Each segment, except the first and last, have tiny bristle-like structures called
setae
These structures help the earthworm to move and act to sense the environment.
setae
the practice of eating earth, especially chalk or clay in famine-stricken regions, observed in earthworm
geophagy
view the parts of the annelid
grade yourself accordingly
earthworm phylum and class
annelida
clitellata
leeches taxonomic acccount
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
european medicinal leechj
hirudo medicinalis
hirudo medicinalis taxonomic account
at least give phyla, class, subclass, genus
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Annelida
Class: Clitellata
Subclass: Hirudinea
Order: Arhynchobdellida
Family: Hirudinidae
Genus: Hirudo
Species: Hirudo medicinali
label the leech part
grade yourself
phyla means soft-bodied.
mollusca
has no internal skeleton but many have shells that act as an external skeleton, providing protection.
mollsuk
One important part of a mollusk’s body is the ____, which is the fleshy tissue that lines the inside of the shell.
mantle
This part is responsible for shell growth and color, and it assists in other functions such as respiration in mollusk
mantle
Growth of the shell occurs by the mantle absorbing ___ _____ from the sea water.
calcium carbonate
The color of the shell is due to _____ cells in the mantle.
pigment
Most mollusks are parasitic/free living but slow moving creatures, showing a close association with the substrate
free living
Classes of Mollusca (7)
-Bivalvia
-Gastropoda
-Cephalopoda
-Aplacophora
-Monoplacophora
-Polyplacophora
-Scaphophoda
mollusc’s body usually short and partially or wholy enclosed by a fleshy outgrowth of the body wall called the
mantle
Between the mantle and the visceral mass is a cavity containing components of several systems (secondarily lost in a few groups).
mantle cavity
is secreted by the mantle in mollusks
shell
Clams, mussels, oysters, and scallops
what mollusca class
bivalvia
snails and slugs.
what class
gastropoda
octopus, squid, cuttlefish, nautilus, and kin
what class
cephalopoda
Shell-less Molluscs, worm-like appearance
what class
aplacophora
uncoiled, univalve, bilaterally symmetrical molluscs that live in the abyssal zone
segmented limpets
what class of mollusca
monoplacophora
chitons, snail-like molluscs with eight-part overlapping scale shells
what class
polyplacophora
tusk shell mollusks
scaphopoda
The head and the ventral muscular foot are closely allied with the foot being modified for what functions (4)
burrowing
crawling
swimming
food capture
The mouth with a radula bearing traverse rows of minute chitinous teeth to rasp food , except in what class of mollusc
bivalvia
only filter feeders in molluscs
bivalvia
the anus opens in what cavity in mollusc
mantle cavity
A large digestive gland and often salivary glands are present in what cavity in mollusks
mantle cavity
The circulatory system is open, except in what class of mollusks
cephalopoda
includes a ___ heart with one or two atrias and one ventricle.
dorsal
blood spaces
homocoels
Respiration occurs via one to many uniquely structured gills called what
ctenidia
The nervous system of a mollusk is typically a
circumesophageal nerve ring
equilibrium cell for mollusk
statocyst
Having male sexual organs while young, and female organs later in life
protandric
most mollusca species are ____
oviparous
parasitic stage in mollusks
unionidae
segmented mollusk
monoplacophora
class that literally mean “many plate bearers”
polyplacophora
class contains the chitons,easily recognizable because of their shells that are split into eight dorsal plates that cover the centre of their bodies.
polyplacophora
which include univalves, are mollusks usually covered by a single shell
what class
class gastropoda
subclass of slugs, sea hares, nudibranches etc. that have forsaken their gills and shells.
opisthobranchia
is the largest in the phylum mollusca and includes the snails, whelks, winkles and sea slugs.
gastropoda
subclass of gastropoda that include snails, limpets
prosobranchia
subclass of gastropoda that includes sea slugs
ophistobranchi
most of these gastropods belong to the subclass ___ and have a spiral shaped shell
prosobranchia
The primitive members of class gastropoda are ____ that rasp seaweeds and micro algae
herbivores
The shelled gastropod body emerges from an opening, called an
aperture
The outer edge of the aperture is called a
lip
Each coil of a gastropods shell is called a
whorl
the last and usually the largest whorl containing the body, thus called the
body whorl
All whorls above the body whorl make up the
spire
The calcareous layers of the shell of gastropods are covered by a thin, glossy proteinaceous ___
periostracum
golden snail taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Order: Architaenioglossa
Family: Ampullariidae
Genus: Pomacea
Species: Pomacea canaliculata
Common names: Channeled Applesnail, Golden Apple Snail, Golden Kuhol Snail
means stomach-foot because the foot is large and is the most prominent feature in most cases.
gastropod
As with bivalves, most gastropods breathe by taking in oxygen from the water through what structure
siphons
, unlike bivalves, have a head with tentacles, which have sense organs that can detect shadows and movement
univalves
which pair of tentacles are shorter in univalves
anterior - shorter
posterior - longer
Many gastropods have a trap door, or
operculum
trap door of gastropods attached to their foot, which is actually a thin piece of shell.
operculum
seals the aperture closed when the animal retreats into its shell, providing protection from predators and from drying out
operculum
operculum is made out of ___
conchiolin
how do you know if a gastropod is dextral/sinistral
opening
study the class gastropoda and its parts
+1
class that includes mussels, clams, oysters
bivalvai
Has a shell that consists of two parts, but unlike the Brachiopoda (Lamp shells) the two parts are hinged together dorsally and then extends downwards, laterally on either side of the body, thereby encasing it.
class bivalvia
means two shells or valves.
bivalve
rubbery ligament near the hinge holds the halves together and open
hinge ligament
can sometimes be seen on the inside of some shells where the muscles were once attached
scars
Recede from an elevated point near the hinged margin
in a bivalve
concentric lines
Approximating points of umbos
of opposite valves
beak
label slide 67
grade yourself accordingly
Point of attachment of pallial retractor muscle to the shell
pallial line
label slide 69
grade yourself accordingly
Most are sedentary suspension feeders
Depend on ciliary currents produced by the gills to bring food materials.
class bivalvia
Mussels attach to rocks by means of a beard-like
byssus
taxonomic account of tahong
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Order: Mytiloida
Family: Mytilidae
Genus: Mytilus
Species: Mytilus edulis
label the tahong
grade yourself accordingly
class including octopus, cuttlefish, and squid
class cephalopoda
loligo taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Myopsida
Family: Loliginidae
Genus: Loligo
The tentacles and arms are
held together and functions as a ___ in cephalophoda
rudder
Instead of a foot they poses eight or ten long tentacles armed with suckers.
cephalopoda
study the anatomy of loligo
grade yourself accordingly
eight-armed cephalopods
octopuses
10-armed cephalopods
cuttlefish and squid
are active and predatory swimmers posesing jaws and radula.
includes the deep-sea giant squids (20m long) which were the inspiration for many a mythical story about sea monsters.
class cephalopoda
poses eyes as complex as those of humans, and a greater capacity for learning than any other invertabrates.
cephalopods
shelled cephalopod
nautilus
nautilus taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Subclass: Nautiloidea
Order: Nautilida
Family: Nautilidae
Genus: Nautilus
read the characteristic of phylum mollusca
+1
answer sample moving exam
grade yourself accordingly
formed by numerous
pigment – cup ocelli
- sensitive to light
in echinoderms
sense organs
- modified tube (lacks sucker) in echinoderms
tentacle
echinoderms are monoecious/dioecious
dioecious
label the parts on slide 100
grade yourself accordingly
sea stars, brittle stars, and feather stars belong in what phyla
echinodermata
subphylum of echinoderms of sea lilies and feather star
pelmatozoa
class of echinodermata that means lily and form
crinoidea
label the parts slide 104
grade yourself accordingly
Mouth and anus on
what surfacers in sea stars
oral
free moving echinoderm subphylum
eleutherozoa
classes in free moving echinoderm (4)
Asteroidea
Ophiuroidea
Echinoidea
Holothuroidea
synapta maculata taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Holothuroidea
Order: Apodida
Family: Synaptidae
Genus: Synapta
Species: Synapta maculata
Tripneustes gratilla taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Order: Camarodonta
Family: Toxopneustidae
Genus: Tripneustes
Species: Tripneustes gratilla
star form of echinoderms
asteroidea
Gr. Aster, star; eidos, form
1,500 species of seastar
Nocturnal
Benthic (Bottom dwelling)
Carnivorous
Asteroidea
taxonomic account of protoreaster nodosus
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Order: Valvatida
Family: Oreasteridae
Genus: Protoreaster
Species: Protoreaster nodosus
taxonomic account of Linckia laevigata
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Order: Valvatida
Family: Ophidiasteridae
Genus: Linckia
Species: Linckia laevigata
choco chip star
protoeaster nodosus
blue star
linckia laevigata
taxonomic account of archaster typicus
The taxonomic account of Archaster typicus is as follows:
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Asteroidea
Order: Valvatida
Family: Archasteridae
Genus: Archaster
Species: Archaster typicus
label the star fish on slide 112
grade yourself accordingy
Minute pincerlike modified spine (keeps surface free of debris and small organisms)
Unique in echinoderm
pedicellariae
Gr. Ophis, snake;oura, tail, oidos, form
Serpent stars (move in wriggle like motion like the snake)
2,000 species
ophiuroidea
Basic star- shaped body and pentamerous symmetry
what class
ophiuroidea
Ophiothrix fragilis taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Asterozoa Class: Ophiuroidea Order: Ophiurida Family: Ophiothricidae Genus: Ophiothrix Species: O. fragilis
label slide 122 and 124
grade yourself accordingly
Gr. Echinos, spiny; eidos, form
950 species
Sea urchins, heart urchins, sea biscuit and sand dollar 9round test
what class
Echinoidea
Sea urchin is what class
echinoidea
study the part of echinoderm
+1
label the sand dollar
+1
sand dollar taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata Subphylum: Echinozoa Class: Echinoidea
Order:
Genus: Laganum
Scientific name: Laganum laganum
Gr. Holothurion, sea cucumber; eidos, form
1,150 species
No arms
No spines
No pedicellariae
Body fleshy
Cylindrical and elongate on oral aboral axis
what class
holothuroidea
-Skin can be smooth or warty.
-Skin imbedded calcareous deposits
-Bodies can contain toxins that can deter attackers
-Some ingest bottom material.
-Others trap plankton or sweep up detritus with their tentacles.
holothuroidea
sea cucumber taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Holothuroidea
brittle star taxonomic account
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Subphylum: Asterozoa Class: Ophiuroidea Order: Ophiurida Family: Ophiothricidae Genus: Ophiothrix Species: O. fragilis
Gr. Arthron, joint, + pous, podos, foot
Most numerous animals on earth (900,000 species)
Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, crustaceans, millipedes, centipedes, insects and some smaller groups.
what phylum
arthropoda
functional groups in arthropoda
tagmata
No backbone
Cuticular exoskeleton (chitin and tanned protein)
ecdysis (or molting)
arthropods
do arthropods have a complete digestive system
yes
which include molting process or ecdysis (shedding of exoskeleton)
life cycle of arthropods
metamorphosis
an asexual reproduction in which a female can produce an embryo without fertilizing an egg with sperm
parthenogenesis
s an animal whose internal temperature varies considerably.
poikilothermic
arthropods have open/closed circulatory system
open
antennal, coxal, and maxillary glands
function in arthropods as ___
excretory glands
subphylum that are extinct, three tagmata, and each somite has two lobes (endoped - walking ,exoped - burrowing)
trilobitomorpha
subphylum that have claws, six pairs of appendages, do not have antennae, includes spiders, ticks, scorpions
chelicerata
Includes horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) and extinct giant water scorpions
class under chelicerata
merostomata
Elongated terminal portion in merostomata
telson
Segmented or unsegmented abdomen (opisthosoma) with or without appendages and generally distinct from cephalothorax
Chiefly oviparous
No true metamorphosis
Includes scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites
class under subphylum chelicerata
arachnida
Scorpion
Pseudoscorpion
Red spider mite
Black-legged tick
Tick
Solpugid
Jumping spider
Common spider
Opilionid (harvestmen or daddy long-legs
what class
arachnida
Body not divided into tagmata
Unique proboscis at anterior end, with an opening at its tip to suck fluid from cnidarians
Variable number of walking legs among species
Includes sea spiders
what class under chelicerata
pycnogonida
mostly marine and few are terrestrial and freshwater
with carapace as their exoskeleton which is composed of chitin and calcium carbonate
crustacea
Includes brachiopods, ostracods, isopods, amphipods, copepods, barnacles, shrimps, hermit crabs, crabs, lobsters
crustacea
- isopods (pill bugs, sow bugs, woodlice), amphipods (sand fleas), decapods (crabs, lobsters, shrimps, hermit crabs), krills
what class
malacostraca
- brine (fairy) shrimp, clam shrimp, water fleas
what class
branchiopoda
ostracods
ostracoda
copepods
copepoda
barnacles
cirripedia
isopods (pill bugs or sow bugs, woodlice),
amphipods (sand fleas),
krills
decapods (crabs, lobsters, shrimps, hermit crabs),
what class
malacostraca
brine (fairy) shrimp,
clam shrimp,
water fleas
what class
branchiopoda
all are terrestrial
includes millipedes, centipedes and insects
body is divided into three tagmata (body segments): head, thorax and abdomen
their exoskeleton contains tanned protein
head with only one pair of antennae
appendages are uniramous and are present on head and thorax but may be reduced or absent in the abdomen
use tracheae for respiration
possess malpighian tubules for excretion of body wastes
what subphylum
uniramia
‘100 legs’
live in moist places and are carnivorous
with flattened bodies with each segment bearing a pair of jointed walking legs
the appendages of first somite form poison claws
possess a pair of antennae, a pair of mandibles and one to two pairs of maxillae
oviparous
Centipedes
what class under uniramia
chilopoda
‘1000 legs’
body consists of 25 to 100 segments, each bearing two pairs of legs
head with a pair of antennae and two pairs of mouthparts
are herbivorous and live in a leaf mold
oviparous
Millipedes
what class under uniramia
diplopoda
insects
what class
insecta
are the most diverse species of arthropods
insects
subclass of insecta that are wingless; silverfishes and springtails
apterygota
subclass of insecta that are true or winged insects
pterygota
dragonflies and damselflies
odonata
grasshoppers, crickets, locusts
orthoptera
termites
isoptera
butterflies and moths
lepidoptera
- true flies such as mosquitoes
diptera
beetles
coleoptera
sucking lice
anoplura
ants, bees, wasps
hymenoptera
fleas
siphonaptera
- true bugs like water striders, aphids, cicadas
hemiptera
cockroaches
blattaria
preying mantids
order mantodea
take note of taxnomicsummary in phylum arthropoda
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