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Systematic Biology > Porifera and Cnidaria > Flashcards

Porifera and Cnidaria Flashcards

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1
Q

porus means

A

pore

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2
Q

ferre mean

A

to bear

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3
Q

Pore bearer

A

porifera

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4
Q

they are primitive, sessile, mostly marine, water dwelling, filter feeders that pump through their bodies to filter out particles of food matter

A

porifera

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5
Q

represent the simplest of animals, with no true tissue (parazoa), they lack muscles, nerves and internal organs

A

sponges

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6
Q

Porifera’s similarity to colonial ______shows the probable evolutionary jump from unicellular to multicellular organisms.

A

choanoflagellates

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7
Q

also known as collar cells

A

Choanocytes

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8
Q

function as the sponges’ digestive system

A

choanocytes

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9
Q

are tubular cells that make up the pores into the sponge body through the mesohyl

A

porocytes

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10
Q

cells that are composed of microvilli and are used to filter particles out of the water current

A

collars

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11
Q

which form the pincoderm, the outer epidermal layer of the cells

A

pinacocytes

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12
Q

are modified pinacocytes which control the size of the osculum and pore openings and thus the water flow

A

mycocytes

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13
Q

have many functions, they are totipotent cells which can transform into sclerocytes, spongocytes, or collencytes

A

archeocytes or amoebocytes

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14
Q

hey also have a role in nutrient transport and sexual reproduction

A

archeocytes/amoebocytes

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15
Q

secretes calcareous siliceous spicules which reside in the mesohyl

A

sclerocytes

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16
Q

secretes spongi collagen-like fibers which makes up the mesohyl

A

spongocytes

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17
Q

secrete collagen

A

collencytes

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18
Q

are flattened rods or spikes made of calcium carbonate or silica which is used for structure and defense

A

spicules

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19
Q

ells are arranged in a gelatinous non-cellular matrix called

A

mesohyl

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20
Q

three body types of sponges

A

ascanoid
syconoid
leuconoid

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21
Q

four classes of sponges

A

Calcarea
Hexactenellida
Demospongiae
Sclerospongiae

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22
Q

bony sponges

A

Calcarea

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23
Q

glass sponge

A

Hexactenellida

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24
Q

spongin

A

Demospongiae

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25
Q

coralline sponges

A

Sclerospongiae

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26
Q

includes the hydras, jellyfishes, anemones, and corals.

A

Cnidaria or Coelenterata

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27
Q

These are carnivorous, tentaculate and multicellular animals represent the tissue level of organization since they lack organ or organ system

A

Cnidaria

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28
Q

stinging organelles

A

nematocysts

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29
Q

They possess two basic metazoan features a mouth where all the materials enter and exit and gastrovascular cavity

A

Cnidaria

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30
Q

which serves as internal space for digestion and distribution of nutrients and other materials in Cnidaria

A

coelenteron

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31
Q

There are two basic forms of cnidarians

A

polyp
medusa

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32
Q

form of cnidaria seen in jellyfish

A

medusa

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33
Q

form of cnidaria seen in hydroid

A

polyp

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34
Q

sessile and a tubular with a mouth in a hypostome at the distal end that is usually surrounded by tentacles

A

polyp

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35
Q

is typically free swimming and umbrella shaped, with tentacles extending from the outer margin of the bundle.

A

medusa

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36
Q

Both from the medusa and polyp are composed of the same body layers such as (3)

A

epidermis
mesoglea
endoderm

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37
Q

is common in Cnidarian and often associated with their colonial existence.

A

polymorphism

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38
Q

are monoecious and dioecious

A

Cnidaria

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39
Q

the simpler Cnidarians

A

Hydrozoa

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40
Q

which are often called the true jellyfish

A

Scyphozoa

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41
Q

the cube shaped jellyfish

A

Cubomedusae (cubozoa)

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42
Q

the largest cnidarian classes which includes sea anemones and corals

A

Anthozoa

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43
Q

more than one body form

A

polymorphism

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44
Q

Tube with tentacles
around the mouth
Sessile

polyp/medusa?

A

polyp

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45
Q

sea anemone is polyp or medusa?

A

polyp

46
Q

Umbrella shape
Tentacles around mouth
Motile, Free-swimming

medusa/polyp

A

medusa

47
Q

Coiled thread discharges
like a harpoon

A

tentacles

48
Q

part of cnidaria that contains neurotoxin and paralyzes prey

A

tentacles

48
Q

do cnidaria have tissues and organs?

answer individually

A

tissue - yes
organs - no

49
Q

where does most cnidaria live

A

marine

50
Q

most/few cnidaria live in freshwater

A

few

51
Q

feeding pattern of cnidaria

A

carnivores

52
Q

part of cnidaria that constitutes an incomplete digestive tract

A

no anus

53
Q

respiration of cnidaria is through

A

diffusion

54
Q

do cnidaria have nervous system

A

no

55
Q

what type of net does cnidaria have around their mouth

A

nerve net

56
Q

sensory cells for chemicals

A

chemoreceptors

57
Q

sensory cells for touch

A

thigmoreceptors

58
Q

light receptors

A

photoreceptors

59
Q

eyespots

A

ocelli

60
Q

sensory cells for balance

A

statocysts

61
Q

Hydra tumbles on ____

A

tentacles

62
Q

Sea anemones glide on

A

pedal disc

63
Q

asexual method of reproduction in cnidaria

A

budding

64
Q

sexual method of medusae

A

sperm and eggs

65
Q

ecological role of cnidarians

A

Predators and prey
Neurotoxins in medical research
Coral – jewelry, building, reefs (surfing!)
Coral reefs - habitat for many
-great biodiversity
- protect coastline
E. Symbiosis with other organisms

66
Q

class of sea anemones

A

anthozoa

67
Q

class of corals

A

anthozoa

68
Q

class of green hydra

A

hydrozoa

69
Q

class of true jellyfish

A

scyphozoa

70
Q

class of box jellyfish

A

cubozoa

71
Q

Among the first of multicellular (Metazoan) animals

A

proferans

72
Q

sponges are perforated by numerous minute incurrent

A

poriferans

73
Q

incurrent pores of poriferans

A

ostium

74
Q

excurrent pores of poriferans

A

osculum

75
Q

least common body type of porifera

A

ascon

76
Q

most common body type of porifera

A

leucon

77
Q

Stiffened rods or spikes made of calcium carbonate or silica which are used for structure and defense

A

spicules

78
Q

calcareous or siliceous skeleton

A

spicules

79
Q

protein fibers

A

spongin

80
Q

large spicules 0.1 mm to over 1.0 mm long. These may fuse to form a coherent framework.

A

megascleres

81
Q

small spicules 0.01 mm to 0.1 mm long

A

microscleres

82
Q

These are scattered all over the body in porifera

A

spicules

83
Q

one ray

A

monoactine

84
Q

two rays

A

diactine

85
Q

three rays

A

triactine

86
Q

six rays

A

hexactine

87
Q
  • Multi-rayed
A

polyactine

88
Q

proteinaceous matrix that
contains skeletal material
and certain cell types
equivalent to the
connective tissue
in other organisms
made of collagen and
spongin

A

mesohyl

89
Q

-Entirely marine, usually in shallow water.
-All three body types occur (asconoid, sycoid, leuconoid)
-Spicules exclusively composed of calcium carbonate.
-Spicules in most species have three points, in some species they have either two or four points.
-Small less than 10 cm. in height

A

Class Calcarea

90
Q

-Vary from radially symmetrical vase-shaped body types , tubular
-The skeleton has either a mesh or honeycomb structure.

A

Calcarea

91
Q

Family Leucosoleniidae
Family Grantiidae

A

Calcarea

92
Q

-All members of this family are marine, asconoid and contained in a single genus
-Found in intertidal zone to depths exceeding
2400 m.

what Family under Class Calcarea

A

Leucosolenia

93
Q

All marine species
Distributed from the intertidal zone to depths of about 2200 m

what family under Calcaraea

A

Grantiidae

94
Q

Vase-shaped sycon sponge

A

Grantia

95
Q

-are relatively uncommon and are mostly found at depths from 450 to 900 metres (1,480 to 3,000 ft)
-Radially symmetrical
-A skeleton made of four- and/or six-pointed siliceous spicules.
-It forms a sturdy lattice-like internal skeletons made up of fused spicules of silica.
-They are more-or-less cup-shaped animals, ranging from 10 to 30 centimetres (3.9 to 12 in) in height.

A

Hexactenellida (Glass sponges)

96
Q

They are more-or-less cup-shaped animals, ranging from 10 to 30 centimetres (3.9 to 12 in) in height.
Syconoid (Euplectella)

A

Hexactenellida

97
Q

Venus’s flower basket
Found in depths from
100 m to 5200 m.

what organism and family?

A

F- Euplectellidae
S- Euplectella

98
Q

This species can be found attached to rocky parts of the sea floor in the western Pacific near the Philippines.

A

Euplectella aspergillum

99
Q

-80-90% of all sponges species
-Skeleton: siliceous spicules, spongin fibers or both
-Leuconoid
-Forms: thin and encrusting, erect and
branching, multilobed, spherical, tubular
-A single individual may
exceed 2 m in diameter
With 65 families

A

Demospongiae

100
Q

Known in the market as grass sponges, members of the genus Spongiainclude coarse, commercial natural sponges that have irregularly tufted surfaces. In Florida and the West Indies,S. gramineaandS. equinasupported thriving sponge diving industries until the advent of synthetic sponge materials

A

Spngia species

101
Q

only found on coral reefs in the West Indies and Pacific, where they contribute to the structure of the reefs

A

Sclerospongia

102
Q

Coralline sponges, which are mostly known from fossil

what class

A

Sclerospongiae

103
Q

Calcareous spicules
Needle shaped (monoaxon) or three or four pointed spicules
Asconoid, Leuconoid and Synocoid body plan
Shallow marine habitat

what class

A

Class Calcarea

104
Q

Six side silica spicules
Syncitial, without regular arrangement of water channels
All marine, most in deep water

what class

A

Hexactennelida

105
Q

Siliceous spicules or spongin network
Leuconoid body plan
Marine and fresh water
Intertidal zones to great depths

what class

A

Demospongiae

106
Q

Hard sponges
Siliceus spicules and spongin – internal
Calcium carbonate – outer covering
Leuconoid body plan
Deep water marine habitat

what class

A

Sclerospongiae

107
Q

are the simplest form of organism but considered also as true animals. They don’t have true tissues and organs

A

Parazoans

108
Q

do sponge belong to Parazoans?

A

yes

109
Q

Sponges with photosynthesizing endosymbionts produce up to three times more oxygen than they consume, as well as more organic matter than they consume

what ecological importance

A

primary producers

110
Q

Such contributions to their habitats’ resources are significant along Autralia’s Great Barrier Reef but relatively minor in Carribean.

who as primary producers?

A

sponge as primary producers

111
Q

ecological importance of sponge (3)

A

As primary producers
Collaboration with other organisms
Serve as protective houses for marine animals.

Systematic Biology (18 decks)

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