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Systematic Biology > Long Exam Crash Course > Flashcards

Long Exam Crash Course Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the study of the diversity of animals and their evolutionary relationships

A

sytematics

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2
Q

concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

A

Taxonomy

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3
Q

main task of systematics

A

identification
nomenclature
classification

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4
Q

type of dichotomous key

A

yoked/indented key
bracketed/parallel key
serial or numbered key

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5
Q

the objective standard of reference for the application of zoological names

A

type specimens

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6
Q

A particular specimen of an organism where to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached.

A

type

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7
Q

Serves as a baseline to centralize and define the characteristics/features of a particular taxon.

A

type

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8
Q

where a description has been based on a series of specimens, these collectively constitute the name-bearing type

A

syntype

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9
Q

– One of a number of syntypes which has been designated later as the single name-bearing type of a species, the remaining syntypes become paralectotypes and have no further name-bearing function

A

lectotype

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10
Q

– A single specimen designated or otherwise fixed as the name bearing type of a species name when it was first described

A

holotype

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11
Q

Where there is a holotype, the other specimens in the type series are paratypes (Rec. 73D), and they have no name-bearing function.

A

paratype

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12
Q

A special kind of holotype in the case of extant protistans, which can consist of more than one individual (Article 73.3).

A

hapantotype

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13
Q

A single specimen designated as the name-bearing type of a species name when the original type(s) is lost or destroyed and a new type is needed to define the species. Under exceptional circumstances the Commission may use its plenary powers to designate neotypes for example if an existing name bearing type is not in accord with prevailing usage (Article 75)

A

neotype

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14
Q

– a designated specimen of opposite sex to the holotype. This term has no name bearing function and is not regulated by the code (Rec. 72A).

A

allotype

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15
Q

microscopic unicellular prokaryotes

A

bacteria

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16
Q

has no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

A

bacteria

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17
Q

can be classified into shape arrangement and gram stain reaction

A

bacteria

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18
Q

shape of cocci

A

shperical

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19
Q

shape of bacilli

A

rods

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20
Q

shape of vibrio

A

comma

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21
Q

shape of spirochaetes

A

corkscrew

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22
Q

arrangement of paired bacteria

A

diplococci

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23
Q

arrangement of chained bacteria

A

streptococci

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24
Q

arrangement of clustered bacteria

A

staphylococci

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25
Q

arrangement of sarcina

A

tetrad

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26
Q

amount of this can determine if the bacteria is gram + or gram -

A

peptidoglycan

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27
Q

crystal violet acts as the

A

primary stain

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28
Q

counter stain

A

safranin

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29
Q

gram + what color

A

purple or violet

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30
Q

gram - color

A

pink

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31
Q

can be decolourized to accept counter stain

A

gram -

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32
Q

retain crystal violet dye and stain dark violet or purple

A

gram +

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33
Q

thin peptidoglycan layer

A

gram -

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34
Q

thick peptidoglycan layer

A

gram +

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35
Q

teichoic acid in gram - bacteria

A

absent

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36
Q

teichoic acid in gram + bacteria

A

present

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37
Q

periplasmic space in gram - bacteria

A

present

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38
Q

periplasmic space in gram + bacteria

A

absent

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39
Q

outermembrane in

gram +
gram -

A

gram + (absent)
gram - (present)

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40
Q

liposaccharide content in

gram -
gram +

A

gram + (none)
gram - (high)

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41
Q

lipid and lipid protein content of gram +/-

A

gram + (low)
gram - (high)

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42
Q

cell wall composition of gram - bacteria

A

70-120 armstrong thick
two layered
lipid content is high

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42
Q

cell wall composition of gram + bacteria

A

cell wall is 100-120 armstrong thick
mutli layered
lipid content is low

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43
Q

identify the bacteria

Shape - Rod
Arrangement - Chains of Single
Gram reaction - Gram +

A

Bacillus sp.

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43
Q

identify the bacteria

shape - circular/spherical
arrangements - clustered
gram reaction - gram +

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

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44
Q

identify the bacteria

shape - spiral
arrangement - single
gram reaction - gram -

45
Q

identify the bacteria

shape - spherical
arrangement - chain
gram reaction - gram +

A

streptococcus

46
Q

shaped like irregular cocci, thermophilic, acidophilic, thriving in environment with temp ranging from 55-95

use sulfur or reduced inorganic sulfur as their energy source

A

sulfolobulus

47
Q

sulfolobus belonsg in the kingdom

A

crenarchaeota

48
Q

rod-shaped usually found at the bottom of the ocean near hydrothermal vents

A

pyrodictium

49
Q

which kingdom does the pyrodictium belong to

A

crenarchaeota

50
Q

thermophilic rod-shaped organisms that also use sulfur as a source of energy

A

thermoproteus

51
Q

kingdom that thermoproteus belongs to

A

crenarchaeota

52
Q

found in high temp. oik fields, both autotrophic and heterotrophic

A

archaeoglobus

53
Q

kingdom of archaeoglobus

A

euryarchaeota

54
Q

strain of Archaeoglobus that get energy from CO2, hydrogen, sulfate

A

A. lithotrophicus

55
Q

strain of Archaeoglobus that use CO2 and acetate to produce energy

A

A. profundus

56
Q

rod-shaped with a single lipid bilayer membrane that is surrounded by a glycoprotein cell wall

flagellated and capable of moving towards a source of light, especially in yellow green light

A

halobacterium

57
Q

photosynthetic pigment of halobacteria

A

bacteriorhopdopsin

58
Q

rod-shaped, gram positive, non-motile bacteria that have fimbriae enabling them to bind to certain receptors and conolize given body regions of host

A

methanobacterium

59
Q

kingdom halobacterium is in

A

euryarchaeota

60
Q

extremely thermophilic marine archaebacterium that gorws at temp. up to 98

irregularly shaped, heterotrophic, major constituents of organic mater within marine hot water ecosystems

A

thermococcus

61
Q

kingdom of thermococcus

A

euryarchaeota

62
Q

growth requires pH of 0.8 to 4.0 and a temp of approximately 45 to 60 degrees

thrive in hot, acidic environments, dependent on sulfur respiration

A

thermoplasma

63
Q

kingdom of thermoplasma

A

euryarchaeota

64
Q

versatile substrate utilization, embracing acetate, methylated compounds, coupled with unique capacity for carbon dioxide reduction through direct interspecies electron transfer

A

methanosarcina

65
Q

kingdom methanosarcina is in

A

euryarchaeota

66
Q

unique adaptation to hypersalin environments, being obligate halophiles that require high NaCl concentrations to thrive

A

halococcus

67
Q

kingdom halococcus is in

A

euryarchaeota

68
Q

thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria that thrive in hydrothermal environment

gram negative, non sporulating, motile nature, often grow aerobically while utilizing molecular hydrogen, elemental sulfur, or thiosulfate

69
Q

phylum aquifex belongs to

70
Q

possess a negative gram bacterial cell structure with tripartite cell envelope consisting of a plasma membrane, thin middle layer, and thicker, irregular outer layer

A

thermus aquaticus

71
Q

phylum thermus aquaticus is in

A

deinococcota

72
Q

bacterium with curved, rod-shaped cells that are between 1.0 and 2.0 um in length

gram negative, strictly anaerobic, motile through a single polar flagellum

A

chrysiogenes

73
Q

phylum chrysiogenaceae belongs to

A

chrysiogenes

74
Q

can survive in the dark if oxygen is available, has a dark orange color

A

chloroflexus aurantiacus

75
Q

chloroflexus phylum

A

chloroflexota

76
Q

filamentous with solitary filaments and are in free clusters or in macroscopic mats

cells are cylindrical, barrel-shaped, or spherical

77
Q

phylum of anabaena

A

cyanobacteria

78
Q

characterized by bacteria that are obligately anaerobic, photoautotrophic, which includes green sulfur baceria

A

chlorobium

79
Q

chlorobium phyla

80
Q

obligate aerobic, extremely thin, tightly coiling spirochetes that are distinguished by some sort of flexuous movement

A

leptospira

81
Q

cause of leptospirosis

A

L. interrogans

82
Q

phylum of leptospira

A

Spirochaetes

83
Q

genus of gram positive, spore-forming baceteria

rod shaped and group in pairs or small chains, vegetative cells are formed

aerotolerant

A

clostridium

84
Q

phylum clostridium is in

A

firmicutes

84
Q

fresh, marine, and brackish water samples all include them

A

planctomyces

85
Q

ovoid in shape and have a holfast, known as the stalk

A

planctomyces

86
Q

phylum planctomyces

A

plantomycecota

87
Q

glyocside hydrolases are abundant in this, have unique class of genes for cytochrome c synthesis

A

verrumicrobium

88
Q

phylum of verrumicrobia

A

verrumicrobium

89
Q

regarded as opportunistic pathogens

A

Fusobacterium

90
Q

non-sporulating, slendered, tapered end bacilli that are gram negative and anaerobic

A

fusobacterium

91
Q

phylum of fusobacterium

A

fusobacteria

92
Q

group of bacteria that are defined as gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that move by gliding

93
Q

cytophaga phylum

A

bacteroidata

94
Q

flavobacterium phyla

A

bacteroidota

95
Q

don’t have genuine cell walls and, as a result of their distinct cell envelope structure, react to gram-negative staining

A

fibrobacter

96
Q

phyla fibrobacter

A

fibrobacterota

97
Q

located in the periplasmic area between outer membrane and protoplasmic cylinder, drive long, flexible, helical shaped cells

98
Q

commonly referred to spirochetes

99
Q

phyla of borrelia

A

spirochaetota

100
Q

unusual bacteria, lacking cell walls, antibiotics don’t act on these since they don’t have cell walls

A

mycoplasma

101
Q

phylum of mycoplasma

A

mycoplasmatota

102
Q

rod-shaped, gram positive, catalase positive, nonmotile, non spore forming

colonies might range from white to orange or pink

A

mycobacterium

103
Q

phylum of microbacterium

A

actinomycetota

104
Q

gram positive, nonmotile, tiny slender bacilli that are found in chains

smooth, convex, and transluscent appearance

hydrolyzes esculin and fermenting carbohydrates

A

lactobacillus

105
Q

phyla of lactobacillus

106
Q

globally distributed genus of spherical bacteria, gram positive

A

micrococcus

107
Q

phyla of micrococcus

A

actinomycetota

108
Q

bacterium with a straight, rod-like form, organized singly or in pairs

A

escherichia

109
Q

phyla of escherichia

A

pseudomonadota

Systematic Biology (18 decks)

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