Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systematic Biology > Long Exam Crash Course > Flashcards

Long Exam Crash Course Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

refers to the study of the diversity of animals and their evolutionary relationships

A

sytematics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

concerned with identifying, naming, and classifying organisms.

A

Taxonomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

main task of systematics

A

identification
nomenclature
classification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

type of dichotomous key

A

yoked/indented key
bracketed/parallel key
serial or numbered key

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

the objective standard of reference for the application of zoological names

A

type specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A particular specimen of an organism where to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached.

A

type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Serves as a baseline to centralize and define the characteristics/features of a particular taxon.

A

type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where a description has been based on a series of specimens, these collectively constitute the name-bearing type

A

syntype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

– One of a number of syntypes which has been designated later as the single name-bearing type of a species, the remaining syntypes become paralectotypes and have no further name-bearing function

A

lectotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

– A single specimen designated or otherwise fixed as the name bearing type of a species name when it was first described

A

holotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where there is a holotype, the other specimens in the type series are paratypes (Rec. 73D), and they have no name-bearing function.

A

paratype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A special kind of holotype in the case of extant protistans, which can consist of more than one individual (Article 73.3).

A

hapantotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A single specimen designated as the name-bearing type of a species name when the original type(s) is lost or destroyed and a new type is needed to define the species. Under exceptional circumstances the Commission may use its plenary powers to designate neotypes for example if an existing name bearing type is not in accord with prevailing usage (Article 75)

A

neotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

– a designated specimen of opposite sex to the holotype. This term has no name bearing function and is not regulated by the code (Rec. 72A).

A

allotype

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

microscopic unicellular prokaryotes

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

has no nucleus and no membrane bound organelles

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

can be classified into shape arrangement and gram stain reaction

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

shape of cocci

A

shperical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

shape of bacilli

A

rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

shape of vibrio

A

comma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

shape of spirochaetes

A

corkscrew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

arrangement of paired bacteria

A

diplococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

arrangement of chained bacteria

A

streptococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

arrangement of clustered bacteria

A

staphylococci

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

arrangement of sarcina

A

tetrad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

amount of this can determine if the bacteria is gram + or gram -

A

peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

crystal violet acts as the

A

primary stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

counter stain

A

safranin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

gram + what color

A

purple or violet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

gram - color

A

pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

can be decolourized to accept counter stain

A

gram -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

retain crystal violet dye and stain dark violet or purple

A

gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

thin peptidoglycan layer

A

gram -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

thick peptidoglycan layer

A

gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

teichoic acid in gram - bacteria

A

absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

teichoic acid in gram + bacteria

A

present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

periplasmic space in gram - bacteria

A

present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

periplasmic space in gram + bacteria

A

absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

outermembrane in

gram +
gram -

A

gram + (absent)
gram - (present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

liposaccharide content in

gram -
gram +

A

gram + (none)
gram - (high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

lipid and lipid protein content of gram +/-

A

gram + (low)
gram - (high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cell wall composition of gram - bacteria

A

70-120 armstrong thick
two layered
lipid content is high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cell wall composition of gram + bacteria

A

cell wall is 100-120 armstrong thick
mutli layered
lipid content is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

identify the bacteria

Shape - Rod
Arrangement - Chains of Single
Gram reaction - Gram +

A

Bacillus sp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

identify the bacteria

shape - circular/spherical
arrangements - clustered
gram reaction - gram +

A

Staphylococcus Aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

identify the bacteria

shape - spiral
arrangement - single
gram reaction - gram -

A

spirillum

45
Q

identify the bacteria

shape - spherical
arrangement - chain
gram reaction - gram +

A

streptococcus

46
Q

shaped like irregular cocci, thermophilic, acidophilic, thriving in environment with temp ranging from 55-95

use sulfur or reduced inorganic sulfur as their energy source

A

sulfolobulus

47
Q

sulfolobus belonsg in the kingdom

A

crenarchaeota

48
Q

rod-shaped usually found at the bottom of the ocean near hydrothermal vents

A

pyrodictium

49
Q

which kingdom does the pyrodictium belong to

A

crenarchaeota

50
Q

thermophilic rod-shaped organisms that also use sulfur as a source of energy

A

thermoproteus

51
Q

kingdom that thermoproteus belongs to

A

crenarchaeota

52
Q

found in high temp. oik fields, both autotrophic and heterotrophic

A

archaeoglobus

53
Q

kingdom of archaeoglobus

A

euryarchaeota

54
Q

strain of Archaeoglobus that get energy from CO2, hydrogen, sulfate

A

A. lithotrophicus

55
Q

strain of Archaeoglobus that use CO2 and acetate to produce energy

A

A. profundus

56
Q

rod-shaped with a single lipid bilayer membrane that is surrounded by a glycoprotein cell wall

flagellated and capable of moving towards a source of light, especially in yellow green light

A

halobacterium

57
Q

photosynthetic pigment of halobacteria

A

bacteriorhopdopsin

58
Q

rod-shaped, gram positive, non-motile bacteria that have fimbriae enabling them to bind to certain receptors and conolize given body regions of host

A

methanobacterium

59
Q

kingdom halobacterium is in

A

euryarchaeota

60
Q

extremely thermophilic marine archaebacterium that gorws at temp. up to 98

irregularly shaped, heterotrophic, major constituents of organic mater within marine hot water ecosystems

A

thermococcus

61
Q

kingdom of thermococcus

A

euryarchaeota

62
Q

growth requires pH of 0.8 to 4.0 and a temp of approximately 45 to 60 degrees

thrive in hot, acidic environments, dependent on sulfur respiration

A

thermoplasma

63
Q

kingdom of thermoplasma

A

euryarchaeota

64
Q

versatile substrate utilization, embracing acetate, methylated compounds, coupled with unique capacity for carbon dioxide reduction through direct interspecies electron transfer

A

methanosarcina

65
Q

kingdom methanosarcina is in

A

euryarchaeota

66
Q

unique adaptation to hypersalin environments, being obligate halophiles that require high NaCl concentrations to thrive

A

halococcus

67
Q

kingdom halococcus is in

A

euryarchaeota

68
Q

thermophilic and hyperthermophilic bacteria that thrive in hydrothermal environment

gram negative, non sporulating, motile nature, often grow aerobically while utilizing molecular hydrogen, elemental sulfur, or thiosulfate

A

aquifex

69
Q

phylum aquifex belongs to

A

aquficae

70
Q

possess a negative gram bacterial cell structure with tripartite cell envelope consisting of a plasma membrane, thin middle layer, and thicker, irregular outer layer

A

thermus aquaticus

71
Q

phylum thermus aquaticus is in

A

deinococcota

72
Q

bacterium with curved, rod-shaped cells that are between 1.0 and 2.0 um in length

gram negative, strictly anaerobic, motile through a single polar flagellum

A

chrysiogenes

73
Q

phylum chrysiogenaceae belongs to

A

chrysiogenes

74
Q

can survive in the dark if oxygen is available, has a dark orange color

A

chloroflexus aurantiacus

75
Q

chloroflexus phylum

A

chloroflexota

76
Q

filamentous with solitary filaments and are in free clusters or in macroscopic mats

cells are cylindrical, barrel-shaped, or spherical

A

anabaena

77
Q

phylum of anabaena

A

cyanobacteria

78
Q

characterized by bacteria that are obligately anaerobic, photoautotrophic, which includes green sulfur baceria

A

chlorobium

79
Q

chlorobium phyla

A

chlorobi

80
Q

obligate aerobic, extremely thin, tightly coiling spirochetes that are distinguished by some sort of flexuous movement

A

leptospira

81
Q

cause of leptospirosis

A

L. interrogans

82
Q

phylum of leptospira

A

Spirochaetes

83
Q

genus of gram positive, spore-forming baceteria

rod shaped and group in pairs or small chains, vegetative cells are formed

aerotolerant

A

clostridium

84
Q

phylum clostridium is in

A

firmicutes

84
Q

fresh, marine, and brackish water samples all include them

A

planctomyces

85
Q

ovoid in shape and have a holfast, known as the stalk

A

planctomyces

86
Q

phylum planctomyces

A

plantomycecota

87
Q

glyocside hydrolases are abundant in this, have unique class of genes for cytochrome c synthesis

A

verrumicrobium

88
Q

phylum of verrumicrobia

A

verrumicrobium

89
Q

regarded as opportunistic pathogens

A

Fusobacterium

90
Q

non-sporulating, slendered, tapered end bacilli that are gram negative and anaerobic

A

fusobacterium

91
Q

phylum of fusobacterium

A

fusobacteria

92
Q

group of bacteria that are defined as gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria that move by gliding

A

cytophaga

93
Q

cytophaga phylum

A

bacteroidata

94
Q

flavobacterium phyla

A

bacteroidota

95
Q

don’t have genuine cell walls and, as a result of their distinct cell envelope structure, react to gram-negative staining

A

fibrobacter

96
Q

phyla fibrobacter

A

fibrobacterota

97
Q

located in the periplasmic area between outer membrane and protoplasmic cylinder, drive long, flexible, helical shaped cells

A

borrelia

98
Q

commonly referred to spirochetes

A

borrelia

99
Q

phyla of borrelia

A

spirochaetota

100
Q

unusual bacteria, lacking cell walls, antibiotics don’t act on these since they don’t have cell walls

A

mycoplasma

101
Q

phylum of mycoplasma

A

mycoplasmatota

102
Q

rod-shaped, gram positive, catalase positive, nonmotile, non spore forming

colonies might range from white to orange or pink

A

mycobacterium

103
Q

phylum of microbacterium

A

actinomycetota

104
Q

gram positive, nonmotile, tiny slender bacilli that are found in chains

smooth, convex, and transluscent appearance

hydrolyzes esculin and fermenting carbohydrates

A

lactobacillus

105
Q

phyla of lactobacillus

A

bacillota

106
Q

globally distributed genus of spherical bacteria, gram positive

A

micrococcus

107
Q

phyla of micrococcus

A

actinomycetota

108
Q

bacterium with a straight, rod-like form, organized singly or in pairs

A

escherichia

109
Q

phyla of escherichia

A

pseudomonadota

110
Q
A

Systematic Biology (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions