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pharmacology > Protozoa > Flashcards

Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

What are the drugs against malaria? (5)

A 
chloroquine
mefloquine 
primaquine 
Atovaquone 
Doxycycline
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2
Q

What is MOA of chloroquine?

A

raises pH in vacuole which reduces polymerization of ferriprotoporphyrin XI, this causes death of the parasite

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3
Q

What is clinical use of chloroquine?

A

treatment and prophylaxis

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4
Q

What is MOA of Mefloquine?

A

unknown mechanism related to quinidine

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5
Q

What is the clinical use of Mefloquine?

A

chemoprophylaxis and tx for P. falciparum

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6
Q

What is MOA of primaquine?

A

metabolites induce oxidative damage and interfere with mitochondrial electron transport in parasite

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7
Q

What is clinical application for primaquine?

A

tx and prophylaxis for P. falciparum and P. ovale

Alternative tx for malaria prophylaxis

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8
Q

What is MOA of atovaquone-proguanil?

A

inhibits mitochondrial transport in parasite

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

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9
Q

What is clinical use of atovaquone-proguanil ?

A

tx and chemoprophylaxis for P. falciparum

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10
Q

What is MOA of doxycyline?

A

kills asexual erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite

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11
Q

What is clinical use of doxycycline?

A

-used with quinine for tx infections with P. falciparum and prophylaxis

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12
Q

Which drug is used for travelers going to areas with malaria P. falciparum without drug resistance?

A

Chloroquine

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13
Q

Which drug is used for travelers going to areas with malaria P. falciparum with chloroquine drug resistance?

A

Melfoquine or atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone)

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14
Q

Which drug is used for travelers going to areas with malaria P. falciparum with multi drug resistance?

A

Doxycycline

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15
Q

When do you use primaquine in travelers?

A

terminal prophylaxis in of P vivax and P. ovale

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16
Q

What are ADE of Mefloquine?

A

Insomnia
vivid dreams
careful use in pt with seizure, mental health issues
can cause severe heart and liver problems

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17
Q

What are ADE of chloroquine ?

A

convulsions
visual disturbances
depigmentation or loss of hair
careful in use with MyastheniaG, neuro disorders, and G6PD

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18
Q

What are ADE of Proguanil with atrovaquone?

A
  • insomnia
  • abnormal dreams
  • don’t give in pregnant/breast feeding women or in severe renal disease
19
Q

What are ADE of doxycyline?

A
  • causes yellow teeth and disfigurement if used in development
  • don’t give in pregnant/breast feeding women or in children under 8
  • avoid light exposure
  • don’t take with milk mg, or antacids
20
Q

What is common symptom of Giardiasis?

A

diarrhea

21
Q

T/F Cryptosporidiosis is becoming more prevalent in AIDS pt and children under 5

A

TRUE

22
Q

Which parasite causes sesonal outbreaks and can be linked to cilnator, snow peas, and raspberries

A

Cyclosporiasis

23
Q

What is route of contamination with parasites

A

fecal material thorough poor sewage system

24
Q

How do you dx giardia lamblia?

A

3 stool samples collected on three different days

25
Q

What is tx for giardiasis?

A

metronidazole or tinidazole

26
Q

What is alternative tx?

A

Furazolidone

Albendazole

27
Q

What is the most common non viral STI?

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

28
Q

What is dx for trichomonas?

A

NAAT

29
Q

What is tx for trichomonas?

A

Metronidazole 2g orally single dose or Tinidazole

Alt tx: Metronidazole 500mg 2x/daily for 7 days

30
Q

What is MOA of metronidazole?

A

blocks protein synthesis by breaking DNA

31
Q

PK of metronidazole?

A

well absorbed

released in urine unchanged

32
Q

What is ADE of metronidazole?

A

Black box: possible carcinogen

33
Q

What is ADE of tinidazole?

A

increases effects of alcohol

34
Q

What is 1st drug to treat babesia?

A

Clindamycin + quinine

35
Q

What is fist line tx of giardia lamblia/giardiasis?

A

Metronidazole or tinidazole

36
Q

what is alternative tx for Giardia lamblia?

A

Albendazole

37
Q

What is tx for visceral cutaneous leishmaniasis?

A

sodium stibogluconate

38
Q

What is MOA of sodium stibogluconate

A

MOA unknown:

Proposed - affects glucose metabolism, fatty acid beta oxidation, ATP formation

39
Q

How do you tx pneumocystis jiirovecci?

A

TMP-SMX

40
Q

What is used to tx helminthic infection?

A

albendazole

41
Q

What is MOA of albendazole?

A
  • degenerates microtubules in intestinal and tegmental cells
  • depletes glycogen
  • impairs glucose uptake
  • reduces ATP: kills worm
42
Q

PK of albendazole?

A
  • hepatic metabolism and extensive first pass effect

- wide distribution across the body, in urine, bile, CSF etc..

43
Q

What are ADE of albendazole?

A
  • headache
  • increased liver enzymes
  • N/V
  • abdominal pain
44
Q

T/F dont use albendazole in first trimester of pregnancy

A

true

pharmacology (47 decks)

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