Protozoa Flashcards
What are the drugs against malaria? (5)
chloroquine mefloquine primaquine Atovaquone Doxycycline
What is MOA of chloroquine?
raises pH in vacuole which reduces polymerization of ferriprotoporphyrin XI, this causes death of the parasite
What is clinical use of chloroquine?
treatment and prophylaxis
What is MOA of Mefloquine?
unknown mechanism related to quinidine
What is the clinical use of Mefloquine?
chemoprophylaxis and tx for P. falciparum
What is MOA of primaquine?
metabolites induce oxidative damage and interfere with mitochondrial electron transport in parasite
What is clinical application for primaquine?
tx and prophylaxis for P. falciparum and P. ovale
Alternative tx for malaria prophylaxis
What is MOA of atovaquone-proguanil?
inhibits mitochondrial transport in parasite
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
What is clinical use of atovaquone-proguanil ?
tx and chemoprophylaxis for P. falciparum
What is MOA of doxycyline?
kills asexual erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite
What is clinical use of doxycycline?
-used with quinine for tx infections with P. falciparum and prophylaxis
Which drug is used for travelers going to areas with malaria P. falciparum without drug resistance?
Chloroquine
Which drug is used for travelers going to areas with malaria P. falciparum with chloroquine drug resistance?
Melfoquine or atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone)
Which drug is used for travelers going to areas with malaria P. falciparum with multi drug resistance?
Doxycycline
When do you use primaquine in travelers?
terminal prophylaxis in of P vivax and P. ovale
What are ADE of Mefloquine?
Insomnia
vivid dreams
careful use in pt with seizure, mental health issues
can cause severe heart and liver problems
What are ADE of chloroquine ?
convulsions
visual disturbances
depigmentation or loss of hair
careful in use with MyastheniaG, neuro disorders, and G6PD
What are ADE of Proguanil with atrovaquone?
- insomnia
- abnormal dreams
- don’t give in pregnant/breast feeding women or in severe renal disease
What are ADE of doxycyline?
- causes yellow teeth and disfigurement if used in development
- don’t give in pregnant/breast feeding women or in children under 8
- avoid light exposure
- don’t take with milk mg, or antacids
What is common symptom of Giardiasis?
diarrhea
T/F Cryptosporidiosis is becoming more prevalent in AIDS pt and children under 5
TRUE
Which parasite causes sesonal outbreaks and can be linked to cilnator, snow peas, and raspberries
Cyclosporiasis
What is route of contamination with parasites
fecal material thorough poor sewage system
How do you dx giardia lamblia?
3 stool samples collected on three different days
