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Pharmacology > Lower Respiratory Infections > Flashcards

Lower Respiratory Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is therapeutuc treatment for acute bronchitis

A

None: self limiting
Dont give abx
Dont give meds to suppresss cough

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2
Q

What are the main culprits of acute bronchitis 3

A

Coronavirus
Rhinovirus
Influenza virus adenovirus

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3
Q

What is the major bacterial cause for acute bronchitis?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of acute bronchiolitis?

A

RSV

Mostly affects infants

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5
Q

What is treated approach in infants with acute bronchiolitis?

A

Fever
Oral fluids
Observe closely

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6
Q

What is treatment approach for acute bronchiolitis in children with an underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disease?

A

Palivizumab- antibody to RSV

-administer monthly during fall/ winter season

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7
Q

What are ADE of pavilizumab? What is route of administration?

A

Fever
Rash
Thrombocytopenia
IM or IV

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8
Q

What are hallmark signs of chronic bronchitis?

A

Cough

Sputum production

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9
Q

What is tx for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?

A
  1. Chest physiotherapy or humidifier- to loosen and get rid of mucous
  2. Oxygen if necessary
  3. Albuterol
  4. Abx use based on anthonisen criteria
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10
Q

What is anthonisen criteria?

A

Provide abx therapy if 2 of the following present:

  1. Increased SOB
  2. Increased sputum production
  3. Purulent sputum
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11
Q

What pathogen is associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?

A

H. Flu

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12
Q

What is 1 treatment for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?

A

Augmentin 500-875mg in 3 doses over 2 days

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13
Q

What is tx for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis?

A

FEV1%<50%
macrolide
2nd or 3rd gen cephalosporin
TMP/SMX

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14
Q

What is preferred treatment for penicillin sensitive Strep pneumonia?

A

-Ampicillin, penicillin G, amoxicillin

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15
Q

What is tx for penicillin resistant Strep pneumonia?

A
  • Ceftriaxzone

- levofloxacin

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16
Q

What is tx for non beta lactamase producing H flu?

A
  • ampicillin IV

- amoxicillin

17
Q

What is tx for beta lactamase producing H. flu

A
  • ceftriaxzone

- ampicillin sulbactam

18
Q

What is preferred tx for Mycoplasma pneumo?

A
  • macrolide (ezithromycin)

- doxycycline

19
Q

What is tx for legionella pneumophilia?

A

-Fluoroquinilones or azithromycin

20
Q

What is tx for MSSA?

A

Cefazolin

21
Q

What is tx for MRSA?

A
  • vancomycin

- Linezolid

22
Q

What is tx for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ?

A

anti-pseudomonal beta lactam or fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin)
-can add aminoglycoside (Gentamicin)

23
Q

What is tx for beta lactam producing gram negative bacilli?

A

-carbapenem (imipenim)

24
Q

What is tx for carbapenem resistant organisms?

A

-polymixin B + inhaled colistin

25
Q

What is most common bacterial cause of CAP?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

26
Q

What is tx for CAP?

A
  1. Chest physiotherapy
  2. iv fluid
  3. albuterol
  4. abx depends on pathogen
27
Q

What is empiric tx for CAP/streptococcus pneumonia with no abx use in last 3 months and no comorbidities ?

A

macrolide or doxycylcine

28
Q

What is tx for CAP/resistant strep pneumo and prior abx use in last 3 months?

A

levofloxacin or beta lactam (high dose amoxicillin, ceftriaxzone) + macrolide or doxycycline

29
Q

What is tx for CAP when >25% strep pneumonia resistance regionally?

A

levofloxacin or beta lactam (high dose amoxicillin or ceftriaxzone) + macrolide or doxycycline

30
Q

What can you use when you cant give cephalosporin?

A

-fluoroquinolones

31
Q

what is tx for non ICU CAP?
strep pneumo
H. flu
M. pneumo

A
  • levofloxicin or beta lactam (high dose amoxicillin or ceftriaxzone)
    • macrolide or doxicycline
32
Q

what is tx for ICU CAP?

A

-b lactam + azithromycin or levofloxacin

33
Q

TX FOR MRSA ICU CAP?

A

-b lactam + azithromycin or levofloxacin

+ vancomycin

34
Q

TX for P. aeruginosa ICU CAP?

A

tazobactum/meropenem/imipenim +levofloxacin +azithromycin

35
Q

TX for H. flu ICU CAP?

A

-b lactam + azithromycin or levofloxacin +osetalmivir

Pharmacology (47 decks)

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