Eyes Phramacology Flashcards
Name three types of conjunctivitis?
Allergic, Bacterial, Viral
How do you treat viral conjunctivitis? What is common cause of viral conjunctivitis?
- Cold compress
- hygiene awareness
- adenovirus
How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis (4)?
Topical antibiotics:
- macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin)
- bacitracin
- Trimethoprim-polymyxin
- fluoroquinolones drops:
- ofloxacin
- ciprofloxacin
How do you treat allergic conjunctivitis?
-OTC antihistamines/decongestants
How do you treat anterior blepharitis and posterior blepharitis?
What is causative agent?
- Anterior: tx with erythromycin/bacitracin opth ointment, warm compress and baby shampoo
- posterior tx: oral doxycycline
- Staph aureus
How do you treat periorbital cellulitis?
- IF MSSA tx with amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,cefdinir, cefpodoxime
- IF CA-MRSA tx with oral
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or clindamycin
- plus augmentin/amoxicillin or cefdinir, cefpodoxime
What is MOA of trimethoprim and sulfonamide?
- both inhibit folic acid synthesis
- Trimethoprim blocks dihydrofolate reductase
- Sulfonamide blocks enzyme dihydropteroate synthase
T/F Trimethoprim Sulfonamide do not have synergistic effect
False: Trimethoprim and Sulfonamide have a synergistic effect on inhibition of folic acid synthesis
When should Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole be avoided in pregnant women?
First and third trimester
What are some adverse durn events of trimethoprim and sulfonamide?
- Bone marrow suppression
- Rash
- Hyperkalemia
T/F Dosing of Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole is based on the trimethoprim component
True
Name 2 tx for TMP-SMX
- UTI
- MSSA and MRSA soft tissue skin infections
T/F If patient throws up within one hour you need to repeat the dose
True
What class of abx do Lincosamides belong to?Name one drug in this class?
- protein synthesis inhibitors/50s subunit
- Clindamycin
In what type of infections would clindamycin be useful in treating?
- soft tissue
- skin infections
What is an adverse side effect to using clindamycin?
-C. difficile colitis
How do you treat orbital cellulitis?
-empiric tx with vancomycin + ceftriaxone , send for cultures and refine abx once cultures come back
T/F IV medication of clindamycin is the best way to treat C. difficile colitis infection
False: oral abx is the best way to treat a C. difficile colitis infection
How do you treat corneal abrasions?
- erythromycin ointment
- ciprofloxacin
- sulfacetamide 10%
]What class of drugs should be avoided when treating corneal abrasions and why?
- aminoglycosides/tobramycin
- they can be toxic to epithelial lining an reduce host resistance to superinfection
Should you prescribe anesthetics to ophthalmic patients? why or why not?
-No don’t prescribe anesthetics because they can cause anesthetic keratitis due to loss of sensation.
Name 4 aminoglycosides and what is MOA?
- Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin, Neomycin
- protein synthesis inhibitors, acts on 30s subunit
What are some adverse drug events with aminoglycosides?
- nephrotoxicity
- OTOTOXICITY
- neuromuscular blockade
T/F Aminoglycosides are used in combo with beta lactam abx
True
