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Pharmacology > Eyes Phramacology > Flashcards

Eyes Phramacology Flashcards

1
Q

Name three types of conjunctivitis?

A

Allergic, Bacterial, Viral

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2
Q

How do you treat viral conjunctivitis? What is common cause of viral conjunctivitis?

A
  • Cold compress
  • hygiene awareness
  • adenovirus
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3
Q

How do you treat bacterial conjunctivitis (4)?

A

Topical antibiotics:

  • macrolides (azithromycin, erythromycin)
  • bacitracin
  • Trimethoprim-polymyxin
  • fluoroquinolones drops:
  • ofloxacin
  • ciprofloxacin
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4
Q

How do you treat allergic conjunctivitis?

A

-OTC antihistamines/decongestants

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5
Q

How do you treat anterior blepharitis and posterior blepharitis?
What is causative agent?

A
  • Anterior: tx with erythromycin/bacitracin opth ointment, warm compress and baby shampoo
  • posterior tx: oral doxycycline
  • Staph aureus
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6
Q

How do you treat periorbital cellulitis?

A
  • IF MSSA tx with amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,cefdinir, cefpodoxime
  • IF CA-MRSA tx with oral
  • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or clindamycin
  • plus augmentin/amoxicillin or cefdinir, cefpodoxime
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7
Q

What is MOA of trimethoprim and sulfonamide?

A
  • both inhibit folic acid synthesis
  • Trimethoprim blocks dihydrofolate reductase
  • Sulfonamide blocks enzyme dihydropteroate synthase
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8
Q

T/F Trimethoprim Sulfonamide do not have synergistic effect

A

False: Trimethoprim and Sulfonamide have a synergistic effect on inhibition of folic acid synthesis

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9
Q

When should Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole be avoided in pregnant women?

A

First and third trimester

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10
Q

What are some adverse durn events of trimethoprim and sulfonamide?

A
  • Bone marrow suppression
  • Rash
  • Hyperkalemia
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11
Q

T/F Dosing of Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole is based on the trimethoprim component

A

True

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12
Q

Name 2 tx for TMP-SMX

A
  • UTI

- MSSA and MRSA soft tissue skin infections

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13
Q

T/F If patient throws up within one hour you need to repeat the dose

A

True

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14
Q

What class of abx do Lincosamides belong to?Name one drug in this class?

A
  • protein synthesis inhibitors/50s subunit

- Clindamycin

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15
Q

In what type of infections would clindamycin be useful in treating?

A
  • soft tissue

- skin infections

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16
Q

What is an adverse side effect to using clindamycin?

A

-C. difficile colitis

17
Q

How do you treat orbital cellulitis?

A

-empiric tx with vancomycin + ceftriaxone , send for cultures and refine abx once cultures come back

18
Q

T/F IV medication of clindamycin is the best way to treat C. difficile colitis infection

A

False: oral abx is the best way to treat a C. difficile colitis infection

19
Q

How do you treat corneal abrasions?

A
  • erythromycin ointment
  • ciprofloxacin
  • sulfacetamide 10%
20
Q

]What class of drugs should be avoided when treating corneal abrasions and why?

A
  • aminoglycosides/tobramycin

- they can be toxic to epithelial lining an reduce host resistance to superinfection

21
Q

Should you prescribe anesthetics to ophthalmic patients? why or why not?

A

-No don’t prescribe anesthetics because they can cause anesthetic keratitis due to loss of sensation.

22
Q

Name 4 aminoglycosides and what is MOA?

A
  • Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin, Neomycin

- protein synthesis inhibitors, acts on 30s subunit

23
Q

What are some adverse drug events with aminoglycosides?

A
  • nephrotoxicity
  • OTOTOXICITY
  • neuromuscular blockade
24
Q

T/F Aminoglycosides are used in combo with beta lactam abx

A

True

25
Q

What is MOA of quinolones?

A
  • Nucleic Acid synthesis inhibitors

- they bind DNA gyrase, the DNA is unable to unwind

26
Q

Name 4 quinolones?

A
  • ciprofloxacin
  • levofloxacin
  • ofloxacin
  • moxifloxacin
27
Q

What types of infections can you treat with quinolones?

A
  • UTI

- GI infections

28
Q

Name 2 ophthalmic eye antiviral? MOA?ADE?

A

Ganciclovir 0.15% Opth gel –inhibits viral DNA replication
-blurred vision

  • Trifluridine 1%-stops DNA replication by inhibiting thymidylate synthase
  • irritation of conjunctiva/ cornea
29
Q

Name 1 topical eye NSAIDS?

A

Ketorolac 0.5% Opth soln

30
Q

What are the risks for giving eye corticosteroids?

A
  • glaucoma

- cataracts

31
Q

Why is it bad to prescribe corticosteroids to opth patients?

A

-the reduce inflammation, decrease neutrophils and mask the infection and allow superinfection due to immunosuppression

32
Q

Nme 3 Ophthalmology STAT referrals?

A
  • Corneal Ulcer
  • HSV Keratitis
  • Herpes Zoster infection
33
Q

What is tx for corneal ulcers? HSV keratitis? Herpes Zoster?

A

Tx: fluoroquinolones
Tx: acyclovir opth ointment, trifluridine soln, ganciclovir oph gel

34
Q

What is recommended for ophthalmic peds patients with eye medications

A

-topical is better than drops because it is easier to apply

35
Q

T/F never prescribe corticosteroids for acute conjunctivitis

A

True

36
Q

T/F Prescribe inexpensive erythromycin to peds patients in cases where medication is necessary for them to return to school

A

True

Pharmacology (47 decks)

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