ProtistZooLEC23 Flashcards
What are stromatolites?
The oldest known fossils that has layers of bacteria & sediments that dates back (3.5 million years).
How are stromatolites form?
Individual cells attach to each other with their fimbriae, and they get covered by a layer of sediments. They grow through the sediments, & form another layer. The fimbriaes keeps geting cover up & press down & thus created the stromatolites.
True or false? The process of making stromatolites 3.5 billion years ago, can still be seen today in Mexican lagoons. Those bacteria have a successful way of living on earth.
TRUE
When did stromatolites in Shark Bay, Australia began forming?
about 3,000 years ago
The last eons, which is Phanerozoic, is split into what?
3 eras.
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Humans are found in what era?
Cenozoic
If earth’s history is like a clock how many second before midnight did humans arrive?
3 second
We can see menagerie in pond water with our eyes & with low-power microscope. What are these organisms called?
Ex. Amoeba (Ameba)
Protists
Are protist prokaryotes or eukaryotes?
eukaryotes
・they might be in your sushi
In the 6 kingdoms of life, what kind of clade are protists?
Paraphyletic
To make a protista a valid clade, include the plantae, fungi, & Animalia.
In other words, humans are protists too.
What are the characteristics of protists?
・They are more diverse than other eukaryotes.
・They are major components of plankton
・Most of them are unicellular
Protists, the most nutritionally diverse eukaryotes, include:
- Photoautotrophs, which contains chloroplasts: get food from sun
- Heterotrophs, which ingest other organisms
- Mixotrophs, which can do either
Where do protists primary live in?
aquatic environments
What are protozoans? Where can we find them?
Ex. of Giardia intestinalis
- single-celled wigglers that some live in anaerobic environments.
- our intestines
- they are pathogens, don’t want to drink out of stream. Deers also suffer from Giardia intestinalis.
Euglenozoans move with what?
What form of nutrition do they have?
-flagella
-mixotrophs
One of great pets for microbiologists
Some Kinetoplastids are what?
What is a example of this?
- pathogens
- trypanosome
What do trypanosome causes in humans? What do they prey on? Are they fatal? What are they carried by?
- sleeping sickness, puts you in a coma
- red blood cells
- always fatal if untreated
- tsetse fly, found across Africa
What is the disease Darwin may have suffered from the New World version? How do you get rid of it?
- the chagas disease a.k.a flesh eating disease
- daily doses of heavy metal injected to your body
What are Apicomplexans? Why are they named this way?
- Another animal parasites
- they have one pointy end, the apex, used for penetrating tissues
Most parasitic apicomplexans have life cycles that requires how many different host species?
Ex. Malaria
2 or more
*Wallace had malaria that gave him the fever dream which gave him the idea for Evolution
What are Dinoflagellates? What are their little unique shells made out of?
- protists that are abundant marine phytoplankton.
- made out of the same materials that plants’ cell walls are made out of which is called cellulose
Paramecium exchange their DNA during what?
-conjugation
Rapid growth of some dinoflagellates is responsible for causing what?
- “red tides” which can be toxic to fishes & humans
- jubilee
What about dinoflagellates is stunning?
their phosphorescence, they glow in the dark
What are phytoplanktons? Why are they important?
- green organisms in the oceans that does the most photosynthesis on the planet
- helps change the atmosphere & provide nutrients to the entire ocean food change
What are oomycetes that infects poppy seeds? What were they considered? What are they composed of?
- water molds
- fungi, but we now know that they are protists
- filaments
- kills our pet fishes
How can Oomycetes’ impact can be big?
- Irish Channel
- Infection of potatoes
What is conjugation? Is it the same as reproduction?
- a sexual process that produces Genetic variation
- no, it is seperate from it, which generally occurs by binary fission
What are ciliates? How are they named?
Ex. Paramecium
- a large group of protists
- named by their use of cilia to move & feed
- Another great pet
What are Diatoms? They are major component of what?
- unicellular algae with a unique glass-like wall of silica
- phytoplankton
- gets energy from the sun
Sediments known as diatomaceous earth are made up of what? Where can they be found?
- Fossilized diatoms
- in layers of the white cliff of dover
- They are super tiny shards of glass, and can be used to kill snails, insects, & flees
What are foraminiferans/forams? They are commonly what?
- amoebalike protists named for their multichambered shells. short spiral shell
- Fossilized
- you can fossil diatoms from m.y.a, right up to the ones that are living today
What can fossilized diatoms/little shells of calcium carbonate tell us?
sea levels, temperature, & ocean conditions of Earth mya
What can be determine by counting deformed foraminifera in the gulf of Mexico?
The environmental impact of the oil spill
How do Amoebozoans envelop their prey?
by exending their bodies into lobe-shaped pseudopodia
Where do Gymnamoebas commonly live in & what do they consume?
- soil, freshwater, & marine environments
- bacteria & other protists
What are entamoebas? what do they cause?
- parasite protist
- causes amebic dysentery in humans
Slime molds, or mycetozoans found on logs & rotten leaves are thought to be what? what are they actually?
a fungi, DNA studies show that they are giant amoebas
What are slime molds and what do they do with dead matter?
- a giant single cell with millions of nucli inside
- it feeds on it & break it down
- moves slowly while extending it’s pseudopodia
