HowAnimalsTickLEC34 Flashcards
what is Anatomy?
the study of the biological form of an organism
what is Physiology?
the study of the biological functions an organism performs
T or F, Comparative study of animals reveals that form & function are closely correlated
True
T or F, complex organisms like us have highly folded internal surfaces for exchanging materials
True
animals are composed of cells organized into…
tissues with different functions
- which makes the organs
- which makes the organ systems
Epithelial Tissue
covers the outside of the body & lines the cavities within the body
Connective tissue
binds & supports other tissues
Loose connective tissue
connects epithelia to underlying tissues & holds organs in place
Cartilage
strong and flexible support material
Fibrous connective tissue
found in tendons, which attach muscles to bones
Ligaments
connect bones & joints
Adipose tissue
stores fat for insulation and fuel
considered connective tissue
Blood & Bone
- osteon are bone cells
- bones are made out of calcium carbonate
Muscle tissue
consists of long fibers, which contract in response to nerve signals
Skeletal muscle
responsible for voluntary movement
Smooth muscle
responsible for involuntary body activities
ex. digestive system
Cardiac muscle
responsible for contraction of the heart
Nervous tissue
- senses stimuli and transmits signals throughout the animal
- contains Neurons & Glial cells
Neurons
nerve cells that transmit nerve impulses
Glial cells
glia, that help nourish, insulate, & replenish neurons
Control and coordination within a body depend on what?
the endocrine system & the nervous system
endocrine system
transmits hormones to receptive cells throughout the body via blood
Organisms use what to maintain an
internal balance regardless of external
environment?
homeostasis
Thermoregulation
the process where animals maintain a tolerable internal temperature
ectotherms
- tolerate greater variation in internal temperature
- cold blooded can’t regulate body temperature
endotherms
- active at a greater range of external temperatures
- warm blooded can regulate body temperature
- more energetically expensive than ectothermy
integumentary system
Heat regulation in mammals
*skin, hair, & nails
Some animals can regulate body temperature by…
- adjusting their metabolic heat production
- moving or shivering
- some ectotherms can shiver to increase body temperature
Metabolic rate
the amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time
T or F, small animals use more oxygen at a time then larger ones.
True
animal nutrition
–Herbivores eat mainly plants & algae
–Carnivores eat other animals
–Omnivores regularly consume animals & plants or algae
