1stLivingThingsLEC19 Flashcards

1
Q

What were Earth’s sole living inhabitants for how many years?What do they do as they evolve?

A

Prokaryotes (bacteria & archea).
1.5 billion years.
They change the condition of the earth.

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2
Q

The first organisms to do photosynthesis & produce oxygen are what? when did they appear?

A

Cyanobacteria! 3.5 billion years ago.

They are still doing fine today.

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3
Q

What prokaryote is a rich source of vitamins and protein in Africa & Mexico?

A

Cyanobacterium spirulina!

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4
Q

What new natural fuel system will recycle CO2?

A

The convertion of CO2 into fuel through modified Cyanobacteria.

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5
Q

When did oxygen began to build in the atmosphere?

A

2.7 billions years ago!
Oxygen-making organisms caused one of first extinction.
Oxygen is toxic to plants, any anaerobic organisms.

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6
Q

What organisms were driven away to areas where oxygen can’t reach?

A

Anaerobic organisms!

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7
Q

Eons later the growth of photosynthetic organisms almost caused another mass extinction. What is example?

A

Snowball earth!

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8
Q

The oldest eukaryotic fossils were tiny algae that date back how many years?

A

2.1 billion years ago!

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9
Q

How did first eukaryotic cells evolved? Through what process?

A

They arouse from prokaryotes, through the process of endosymbiosis!

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10
Q

What proposes that mitochrondria and chloroplasts were formaly small prokaryotes living in host cells?

A

The theory of endosymbiosis!

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11
Q

When did the earliest multicellular eukaryotes appear?

A

1.5 billions of years ago!

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12
Q

The first multicellular organisms were what?

A

Colonies!

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13
Q

What is colonies?

A

Clusters of autonomously replicating cells.

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14
Q

Major animals appear suddenly. This is called the what? When did it take place?

A

The Cambrian Explosion!

540 million years ago.

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15
Q

Dating from the Proterozoic eon during the Camdrian period 542mya, what are the two oldest animal groups?

A

Cnidarians(Jellys) and Porifera(Sponges)!

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16
Q

A way of measuring the rate of evolutionary change is?

A

The molecular clock!

17
Q

When did plants colonized land, and originate relationships between plants and fungi?

A

500 million years ago!

18
Q

What explains biogeographical mysteries?

A

Continental drifts!

19
Q

By mid-Mesozoic, Pangaea split into what landmasses, and when?

A

Laurasia and Gondwana!

135 mya

20
Q

When did Laurasia and Gondwana seperated into present-day continents exempt for India?

A

By the end of Mesozoic! 65 mya

21
Q

When did India crash into Asia, creating the Himalayas?

A

45 millions years ago!

22
Q

What are evidences of land drift? What is it an example of?

A

Ostrich, Enui, and Rhea. They are similiar but live in different continent. Also an example of homology.

23
Q

What is an examples of an endosymbiont.

A

Mitochondrion & Chloroplast living in eukaryote cell. Still happening today. They can no longer survive by themselves.

24
Q

Paleozoic

A

From 540-251mya

Pangaea forms

25
Q

Mesozoic

A

From 251-65mya

Laurasia & Gondwana form

26
Q

Cenozoic

A

65mya-present date

27
Q

What evolved from relationships between bacteria and protozoans?

A

Eukaryotes’ flagella and cilia

28
Q

What mammals fill ecological roles in Australia analogous to those filled by placental mammals on other continents?

A

Marsupial