M&RLifeCyclesLEC4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the transmission of traits from one generation to the next?

A

Heredity!

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2
Q

What is the scientific study of heredity and variation?

A

Genetics!

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3
Q

What are the units of heredity, and are segments of DNA?

A

Genes! You get one set of chromosomes from both your parents, and they are made of genes. And genes are little bits of DNA.

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4
Q

Genes has a specific location along side a particular chromosome. What is that location called?

A

Locus!

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5
Q

What is this reproduction called where one parent produces genetically identical offspring by mitosis?

A

Asexual Reproduction!

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6
Q

What are two chromosomes that compose a pair, and contain the same genes(control the same traits)?

A

Homologous chromosomes!

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7
Q

What is this process called where two parents produce offsprings that have unique combinations of genes inherited from both parents?

A

Sexual reproduction!

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8
Q

There are 23 chromosome pairs in our body, and one of them are different from the others. Represented as X & Y, they determine a human’s sex (with some variation). What are they?

A

Sex chromosomes! It isn’t clear cut, some babies would get X+XY, or XX+Y.

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9
Q

What has 2 set of each of its chromosomes, and classify most of the human cells? For example somatic cells.

A

Diploid cell!

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10
Q

Gametes are classified as what, that contains one set of chromosomes?

A

Haploid cells! They have their pairs split up by meiosis.

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11
Q

Gametes fuse to form a diploid what, that develops into an embryo and (hopefully) into an adult organism?

A

Zygote!

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12
Q

At sexual maturity more haploid gametes are produced by meiosis. Where does this happen?

A

In the Gonads!

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13
Q

Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes from diploid to haploid. This takes place in two sets of divisions which are?

A
  • Meiosis I - Homologous pair devide. Reduces the chromosomes from diploid to haploid.
  • Meiosis II - Chromotids divide. Produce 4 haploid daughters cell.
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14
Q

When homologous chromosomes connect (lie side by side), this form a what?

A

Tetrad!

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15
Q

In Meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes connect to form a tetrad where they exchange genetic information. This process is called?

A

Crossing over!

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16
Q

Chromosomes exchanging sections of DNA produces what, with a mix of genes from 2 different parents?

A

Recombinant chromosomes!