Descent/ModificationLEC14 Flashcards
The modern era of biology began on what date? Who made this possible?
November 24, 1859!
Charles Darwin & Alfred Russell Wallace
How did Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed species as?
Fixed and unchanging.
What did Carolus Linnaeus believe? Whats did he create?
He believed that god designed species for a purpose.
Created the Linnaean system of classisfying species “for the greater glory of god”.
What is the study of fossils? Who develope it?
Paleontology!
Largely developed by French scientist Georges Cuvier.
Cuvier advocated what, speculating that each boundary between strata represents a catastrophe?
Catastrophism!
Who strongly influenced Darwin before he began thinking about evolution?
What did they perceived?
British geologist Hutton and Lyell!
Perceived that changes in earth’s surface is caused by gradual actions still going on today.
What is gradualism?
The idea that profound change can take place through the cumulative effect of slow, continuous processes.
What did Lamarck hypothesized?
Species evolve through the inheritance of acquired traits.
How did Harvard biologist Ernist Mayr layout Darwin’s theory?
1: Not all offspring survive and reproduce.
2: Resources are limited, so there is a struggle for existence.
3: No two individuals are exactly alike.
Therefore: Only some individuals will survive & reproduce.
For 300 years the idea that the earth revolve around the sun was heretical. When did the church apologized for imprisoning Galileo?
Not until 1992.
What are Darwin’s other accomplishments?
・He earned a degree in theology.
・Made first big find of giant extinct animals.
・Went to the Galapagos on the HMS Beagle, where his interest in biogeography was kindled.
What did Darwin began to perceive as closely related processes?
Ex. Finches and Iguanas
Adaptation to the environment and the origin of species.
What is the order of years that lead to Darwin publishing his work?
1844 wrote essay about his finds
1858 Manuscript sent from Wallence
1859 rushed work and finally got it published.
What are Asian, African, and Forest elephants related to?
Hyraxes & Manatees.
What was the thought about species in the 19th century?
That species remain unchanged since their creation.
