LEC2 Flashcards
A cell is the little bits of the environment that are enclosed by what?
A membrane!
Cells has this molecule that is used for storing genetic information. What is it?
DNA!
What are two main forms of cells?
Prokaryotic, and Eukaryotic.
Are human cells Eukaryotic, or Prokaryotic?
Eukaryotic!
What does Eukaryotic cells contain?
They contain various organelles. Ex: Nucleus, mitochondria, ribozones, etc. DNA are found in the nucleus.
How are Prokaryotic cells different from Eukaryotic cells?
They don’t have membrane-enclosed organelles, or nucleus. DNA is just loose inside them. Example of this cell is bactria.
What is the branch of biology that names and classifies organisms into different groups?
Taxonomy!
A named group of organisms is called a what?
A taxon!
Ex: Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, and Domain.
What do you call someone who does taxon naming?
A Taxonomist!
At the largest scale, life is classified into three domains. They are the first three branches of the great tree of life. What are they?
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
Which ones of the three domains are prokaryotes?
Bacteria, and Archaea. They don’t have a nucleus!
Which one of the three domains are eukaryotes?
Eukaryra! Which is the protist, plants, fungi, and animals.
Name, and order the 8 taxons from biggest to smallest.
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
As diverse as life is, it also shows remarkable what? Give an example.
Unity! Cilia is both found in a cell called Paramecium, and human’s windpipe.
What explains both unity, and diversity?
Evolution! The history of life on this planet is an ancient one, a changing one, and we’re all descendant of a common ancester. That is the tree.
Who published “On the Origin of Species by Natural Selection”, and in what year?
Charles Darwin, In 1859. But he wasn’t the only one who came up with this idea. Alfred Russel Wallace published his version on the same day.
What are the two main points made from “The Origin of Species?”
1) Similarity among species can be explained by descent with modification.
2) Natural selection is what causes organisms to adapt to their environments, which produce their exquisite adaptations.
Is natural selection the same as evolution?
No! Natural selection leads to evolution, it drives it.
What is natural selection?
The process that occurs when some individuals reproduce more than others.
Darwin proposed that natural selection could what?
Enable an ancestral species to split into two or more descendant species, resulting in a “tree of life”.
Each species is a twig on the tree of life, with branches extending back in time through ancestral species. What does this mean?
All living things on Earth are connected through their evolutionary history.
Name two main processes, biology/biologist use to learn about the world.
Discovery science, and Hypothesis-based science.
What describes nature through careful observation and analysis?
Discovery science.
Scientists collect data that can be what?
Qualitative, and quantitative.
Scientists proceed by trying to answer specific questions, usually involves proposing and testing what?
Hypothesis!
What is a hypothesis?
・A possible explanation
・An educated guess
・A tentative answer to a well-framed question.
A good hypothesis makes (what) that can be tested with experiments?
Predictions!
These expectations are the predictions that a particular hypothesis makes. What are they?
IF/THEN statements.
IF a hypothesis is correct, THEN we can expect a particlular come.
What two important qualities a scientific hypothesis must have?
It must be testable, and falsifiable.
There must be some observation or experiment that could reveal if it is not true.
