EvolofSeeds&FlowersLEC25 Flashcards
T or F. Plants are multicellular eukaryotic autotrophs
TRUE
T or F. For bryophyte plants, the haploid phase dominates the life cycle.
TRUE
What are Sphagnum? Where are they harvest? What are they used for?
・spongy peat moss that forms deposits called peat
・bogs
・building houses, fuel, keeping orchids, material in diapers, & preserving things
What dominated the earth’s surface for how long?
・bryophytes(non-vascular) plants
・the 1st 100 million years of plant evolution
What are vascular plants called & what formed the 1st forest?
・pterophytes
・tree ferns
What do pterophytes reproduce with?
spores, like the bryophytes
What produces spores on resurrection ferns?
sori
How long did vascular plant fossils date back?
420 mya
What is the larger generation in vascular plants?
diploid sporophytes, this is the dominant phase
How can tree ferns grow so big?
they have 2 types of vascular tissues which are xylem & pholoem
What does the xylem do?
moves water & minerals up from the roots then throughout the plant
What does the phloem do?
distributes starches produced by the leaves down to the rest of the plant’s tissues
What is the Carboniferous period? What have become of them now?
・when ferns & their relatives became trees, forming the 1st forest
・they became coal, oil, methane, & other natural gas
*the dragonfly had a wing space of 3 feet across at that time
What may have caused the sudden disappearance of the Carboniferous period?
snowball earth
How much coal do humans burn?
6 billion tons per year
When did seeds first arose? Why is it that we don’t see a lot of ferns in the forest now?
・about 360 mya, helped plants dominate the surface
・because seed plants pushed ferns out into margin zones
What develop inside the parent seed plants? What is this similar to?
・gametophytes
・gametes produced in human gonads
What stage is dominant in seed plants?
diploid, like us
What does seed plants produce? What does it mean for most of them to be bisexual?
・pollen which contains sperm or ovules which is eggs
・they can produce both
How can pollen be dispersed?
by air or animals, which means vascular plants can live in drier habitats than non-vascular plants
How are seeds developed? What is it’s 3 parts?
Ex. submarine with passager & food inside
・once the pollen hit the ovule
・seed coat, endosperm(food suppy), & embryo
*the seed coat is part of the mother’s ovary tissue & the embryo is the combination of the parents tissues
What are the 2 groups of Seed plants?
gymnosperms & angiosperms
What was the age of gymnosperms? What can they be consider as?
・Mesozoic era
・living dinosaurs
What do gymnosperms bear? What groups are around today?
・”naked” seeds, typically on cones
・conifers, cycads, & gingkos
What does conifers mean?
cone barren tree
What is Douglas fir used for?
lumber
What is Juniper used for?
flavor for gin
What is Pacific yew used for?
producing taxal to fight cancer
Why is the Sequoia famous?
its the largest tree on earth
Why is the Bristlecone pine famous?
its the oldest tree on earth
Why is the Wollemia pine famous?
it is currently & critically endangered
What does it mean for cycads to be dioecious?
they have 2 seperate sexes
Are ginkgo trees extinct?
no, a 100 years ago they were found over the imperial palace wall, in the imperial palace garden, in China
What are angiosperms?
flowering plants that are now the most diverse plants
What angiosperm structure is specialized for what?
・the flower
・sex, attracting animals like us
What is a flower?
a specialized shoot with modified leaves
What part of the flower produce pollen?
stamens
What part of the flower produce ovules?
carpels
What develop after the fertilization of the ovary in flowers?
fruits
