PlantDiversityILEC24 Flashcards
Are seaweeds plants, protists, or a cyanobacteria?
they are large multicellular protists
How did seaweeds came to be?
they evolve from a protist that acquired a cyanbacteria endosymbiont over a billion years ago
Where did plants come/evolve from?
They evolve from red & green algae.
Those algaes are the closest relatives of land plants.
Plants are descendant of algae.
What is the general term, algae?
It means it is green.
Includes protists & some cyanobacteria, doesn’t include plants.
What have a red pigment that masks the green chlorophyll inside it?
multicellular red algae
We get agar from boiling algae. What do we use it for?
We use it in labs & gummy food products.
Ex. jello & icecream
What are some examples of red algae?
・Dulse, we can eat it by itself
・Coralline algae, contain calcium carbonate skeleton like us. Form pink beaches when they die & broken up by waves
What is another word for green algae (seaweeds)? What are some examples?
・Chlorophytes
・Volvox, Sea lettuce, & Caulerpa
What is a Volvox?
chlorophyte colonies that will release daughter colonies. They are called the death star, due to their beauty under the microscope. A Volvox cell can’t survive by itself.
What is a Sea lettuce?
edible multicellular seaweed
What is a Caulerpa?
・one huge “supercell”
・each blades is a single cell with many nucli inside, similar to the slime mold/mycetozoans
Where do single cell green algae (chlorophytes) live in?
・most in fresh water, others in damp soil or in snow
・also live in Seattle
What are brown algae? What is another name for it?
Ex. kelp
・the largest, most complex algae
・phaeophytes
What have the most complex anatomy of all protists?
seaweeds, many are food for humans like nori
What are kelps? Where do they live? How much do they grow?
・giant seaweeds
・deep parts of the ocean
・grow 2 feet per day
How long was earth’s surface lifeless as the moon?
for the first 3 billion years of earth’s history
What do plants do for us?
- suppy oxygen
- suppy food
- form soil when dead
- create rich soils with roots
- slow down erosion with roots
True or False? Forests can make rain.
TRUE
When & what colonized moist areas on land?
・1.2 bya
・first thin coatings of cyanobacteria, only life on earth for a long time
When did eukaryotes colonized the land?
500 mya
What are the closet relatives of land plants?
green algae called charophyceans
What open the way to land colonization?
adaptations in 1 population of charophyceans which helped them survive drying habitats
Plants have diversified into how many species?
roughly 290,000 or more, one would be the Tasmania forest
What is the difference between plants & algae?
only plants have Apical meristems & Alternation of generations
PLANT’S DERIVED CHARACTER
waxy outer cuticle & toxic 2ndary compounds
Ex. nicatin, caffine, cocaine
What are Apical meristems?
regions of cell division at the tips of shoots & roots, we eat them
What are the 2 body forms of the Alternation of generations?
diploid sporophyte(makes spores) & haploid gametophyte(makes gametes)
When were the fossilized plant spores found? What did they gave rise to?
・475mya in rocks of Oman
・diversity of modern plants
What is an example of evolution of life through history of invasions?
when cyanobacteria started getting pushed into margins
