GeneticsLEC7 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the raw material for evolution?

A

Genetic Variation!

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2
Q

Thanks to meiosis, each of your gametes ends up with what?

A

Half of a your genes.

  • Each gametes has a unique mix of the parent’s genes.
  • This explains why every sibling is unique.
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3
Q

Before Mendel came along, what was the major explanation of heredity?

A

The blending hypothesis!

- The idea that genetic material contributed by parents mixes, like blue and yellow paints to make green.

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4
Q

Mendel figured out that we pass on discrete heritable units of information called?

A

Genes!

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5
Q

Why did Mendel chose to work with peas?

A

They had different varieties, and he could control which peas to mate with which.

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6
Q

A heritable feature, such as flower color, is called?

A

Character!

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7
Q

A variant of a character, such as purple or white flowers, is called?

A

Trait!

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8
Q

Alternative versions of genes is called what? How many of it are necessary to produce traits?

A

Alleles! Two! These can be found in homologous pair of chromosomes.

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9
Q

If two alleles at a locus differ, what type of alleles does this homologous pair have?

A

A (dominant) one that determines the organism’s appearance, and a (recessive) one that has no noticeable effect.

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10
Q

When gametes are formed, each pair of alleles seperates and they end up in different gametes. What is this law called?

A

The Law of segregation!

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11
Q

What is an organism’s physical appearance called?

A

Phenotype!

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12
Q

What is an organism’s genetic makeup called?

A

Genotype!

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13
Q

An organism that has a pair of identical alleles for a particular gene is called?

A

Homozygous!

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14
Q

An organism that has a pair of different alleles for a particular gene is called?

A

Heterozygous!

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15
Q

Who discovered the mechanisms of inhertance: Mendelian genetics?

A

Gregor Mendel!
He found this out with peas.
First person to explain 3:1 ratio Inheritance pattern in F2 Generation.

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