protein and protein metabolism reading 2 Flashcards
The transmission of genetic characteristics from parent to offspring is called ______.
heredity
What is gene expression?
The production of RNA or proteins from the information stored in DNA
Translation occurs in the ______ of the cell.
cytoplasm
During transcription, the enzyme ______ synthesizes molecules of RNA complementary to the DNA sequence.
RNA polymerase
RNA polymerase is essential for synthesis of ______ from ______.
RNA, DNA
Pre-mRNA is messenger RNA that is composed of ______.
introns and exons
Regions of the mRNA that code for proteins are called _____
exons
A three-base sequence in mRNA is called a what?
codon
Regions of the mRNA that code for proteins are called _____.
exons
True or false: The codon AUG not only codes for the amino acid methionine, but also serves as a stop codon.
False
All unmodified proteins begin with the amino acid ______; its codon is also the start codon.
methionine
Match the form of RNA to a description of its function.
tRNA—>Carries amino acids to the surface of the ribosome
mRNA—>A copy of the information stored in the DNA
rRNA—>Choice, When combined with protein forms ribosomes
Which three of the following describe a codon?
A three-base sequence of mRNA
Complementary to an anticodon
Code for an amino acid or as a “stop” signal
During translation, transfer RNA delivers ______, which are attached to one end of the tRNA, to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
amino acids
Proteins are often modified after they are released from the ribosome. This is called _____.
post-translational processing
Identify the structures that secrete enzymes that aid in the chemical digestion of proteins. Select all that apply.
Pancreas
Small intestine
Stomach
True or false: Amino acids are not stored by the body.
True
What is post-translational processing?
The modification of protein after synthesis to produce a functional protein or active enzyme
Identify the substances that aid in the chemical digestion of proteins. Select all that apply.
Carboxypeptidase
Pepsin
Peptidases
Trypsin
The transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to a keto acid is called ______.
transamination
Which of the following is not a component of all amino acids?
Fatty acid tail
An amine group is removed from an amino acid in ______.
oxidative deamination
How does the body synthesize nonessential amino acids?
Transamination
Deamination is a process used to covert _____ into intermediate molecules of carbohydrate metabolism.
amino acids
After the NH2 group is removed from an amino acid, the remainder of the molecule is called a _______ acid.
keto
______ is a toxic waste.
Urea
