lipids and lipid metabolism reading 2 Flashcards
The enzyme that chemically digests lipid molecules is _____.
lipase
Identify the primary products of the chemical digestion of lipids.
Monoglycerides
Fatty acids
Identify the structures that secrete lipase.
Lingual glands
Pancreas
The process by which bile salts transform large lipid droplets into much smaller lipid droplets is called?
emulsification
Bile salts are necessary to _____.
emulsify lipids
The majority of lipid digestion occurs in the ______.
small intestine
The majority of lipase is secreted by the _____.
pancreas
Describe emulsification.
The process by which bile salts transform large lipid droplets into much smaller droplets
Why is emulsification of lipids important?
Emulsification increases surface area for digestive enzymes.
Identify the substance necessary to emulsify lipids.
Bile salts
The majority of lipids are absorbed into ______ of the ______.
lacteals, small intestine
A micelle is a ______ droplet surrounded by ______.
lipid, bile salts
A type of lipoprotein consisting of mostly triglycerides along with phospholipids, cholesterol and protein is a what?
chylomicron
A lipid droplet surrounded by bile salts in the small intestine is called a _____.
micelle
Describe how lipids are transported through the blood.
Lipids are combined with protein to form lipoproteins.
The majority of lipase is secreted by the _____.
pancreas
Name the lipoprotein with the lowest concentration of protein and highest concentration of lipid.
Very low-density lipoprotein
A chylomicron is a ______ droplet surrounded by ______.
lipid, proteins
LDL is considered _____ while HDL is considered _____.
bad, good
True or False: The body’s main energy-storage molecules are lipids.
True
Triglycerides are stored in what tissue?
adipose, fatty, or fat
Triglycerides that are released in the blood and used by the skeletal muscles and liver for energy are referred to as ______ fatty acids.
free
Beta-oxidation and ketogenesis are processes involved in the metabolism of ______.
lipids
Beta oxidation metabolizes ______.
fatty acid chains
A chylomicron is a ______ droplet surrounded by ______.
lipid, proteins
The type of lipid stored within adipose tissue is ______.
triglyceride
Ketogenesis forms ______.
ketone bodies
Fatty acids that are released into the blood from adipose tissue are called ______.
free fatty acids
Ketone bodies are produced by the incomplete oxidation of ______, especially when being rapidly catabolized.
fats
what is ketogenesis?
is the process that produces ketones and is also known as incomplete oxidation
Ketosis is a serious condition associated with extreme low _______ diets.
carbohydrate
True or False: When acetyl CoA molecules from fatty acids combine together instead of entering the citric acid cycle, they form ketone bodies.
True
Starvation and diets high in either protein or lipids can led to the condition called _______.
ketosis
Beta-oxidation and ketogenesis are processes involved in the metabolism of ______.
lipids
An abnormally high concentration of ketone bodies in the blood is known as
ketosis
Ketosis may alter blood pH, a condition known as ______.
acidosis
