Oxidative Metabolism reading 1 Flashcards
During anaerobic fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into which of the following?
Lactic acid
Identify the phases of the aerobic respiration pathway.
Glycolysis
Electron transport chain
Citric acid cycle
Production of acetyl CoA
Which of the following are part of carbohydrate metabolism?
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle
Carbon dioxide, ATP, and water are the end-products of which process?
Aerobic respiration
In anaerobic fermentation, NADH donates a pair of electrons to _______ acid, thus reducing it to ______ acid and regenerating NAD.
pyruvic, lactic
After glycolysis, pyruvic acid moves from the cytosol into ______ to complete the remaining phases of aerobic respiration.
mitochondria
During anaerobic fermentation, pyruvic acid is converted into which of the following?
Lactic acid
Which are produced in the citric acid cycle (per glucose molecule)?
Two ATP
Four CO2
Two FADH2
Six NADH
The production of ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2 occurs in what phase of aerobic respiration?
Citric acid cycle
What is a name for the cyclic pathway in aerobic respiration?
Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
What is directly produced during the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-CoA?
NADH
CO2
The citric acid cycle produces ______ ATP, ______ NADH, and ______ FADH2 per “turn” of the cycle.
1; 3; 1
Which of the following does NOT occur during the citric acid cycle?
Reduction of oxygen
In the first step of the citric acid cycle, ______ acid combines with acetyl-CoA to produce citric acid.
oxaloacetic
Which best describes the electron transport chain?
Series of oxidation reduction reactions occurring across the inner membrane of the mitochondria leading to the production of ATP
True or False: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is oxygen.
True
Each complex in the electron transport chain collectively acts as a _____ pump that removes H+ from the mitochondrial matrix and pumps it into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
proton
The enzyme that forms channels for the diffusion of protons back into the mitochondrial inner compartment is called ______.
ATP synthase
What is produced in chemiosmosis?
ATP
Choose the number of net ATP yielded during each phase of aerobic respiration.
32 ATP from the electron transport chain
2 ATP from citric acid cycle
2 ATP from glycolysis
net total: 36 ATP
True or False: The formation of ATP coupled to the flow of protons down their concentration gradient is referred to as chemiosmosis.
True
True or false: The same number of ATP molecules are produced for each NADH molecule.
False
In aerobic respiration, 12 water molecules are produced, but _____ are used in the process.
6
When glucose levels are high, glucose is converted into glycogen. This process is called what?
glycogenesis
The yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is usually lower than the theoretical 36 molecules due to ______.
different yields per NADH molecule
getting ATP out of the mitochondrion
cost to shuttle NADH into mitochondrion
The body will store excess energy as triglycerides when ______.
caloric input is greater than energy output
Which of the following is NOT a fate of glucose-6-phosphate under high blood glucose conditions?
Gluconeogenesis
The term…refers to the synthesis of fats.
lipogenesis
When excess proteins and carbohydrates are consumed the body will produce triglycerides via ______.
lipogenesis
Which tissue can convert glucose-6-phosphate into glucose from release into the blood?
Liver
Glycogenolysis involves the breaking down of glycogen into ______.
glucose-6-phosphate
Gluconeogenesis can be defined as the ______.
production of glucose from non-carbohydrates
