Acid/Base Balance Flashcards
strenuous exercise does not produces lactic acid, what does it actually produce?
it produces lactate
lactate does not what?
cause a decrease in pH
what are the parts of atom?
proton +
Neutron
Electron -
and the orbital
what does Hydrogen does NOT occur as:
–H (hydrogen atom)
what does Hydrogen occurs as:
–H2 (hydrogen gas)
–H+ (hydrogen ion / proton)
Acids:
–Molecules able to donate a hydrogen ion (H+)
Bases:
–Molecules able to accept a H+
Strong acids (like HCl):
–dissociate completely
•All protons are released into solution
–HCl = H+ + Cl-
Weak acids (like lactic acid):
–dissociate partly
•Some of the protons are released into solution
–lactic acid=H+ + lactate-
The more the H+ is in the solution, the more what?
The more H+ is in solution, the more acidic the solution
The concentration of H+ is presented as pH:
pH = -log[H+]
The concentration of H+ in pure water is:
- 0.0000001 mol·L-1
- 10-7 mol·L-1
- -log[10-7 ] = 7
- This is called ‘neutral’
Pure water has a neutral pH:
10-7 mol·L-1 or pH = 7
Acidic solutions have a lower pH:
[H+] > 10-7 mol·L-1 or pH < 7
Alkaline solutions have a higher pH:
[H+] < 10-7 mol·L-1 or pH > 7
The scale is logarithmic:
pH = 6 has ten times more H+ than pH = 7
what is the resting blood muscle and cytoplasm pH?
- 4 (blood)
- 2 (muscle)
- 8 (cytoplasm)
what is the stomach pH?
1.2
why is it crucial to regulate pH?
Enzymes require a narrow pH range to function
Buffers limit changes in [H+] and thus pH
Required in the body to regulate pH
–To ensure optimal functioning of enzymes
what are buffers?
Buffers are weak acids
If [H+] increases, some of it will bind to B-
–Therefore, it limits the drop in pH!
–If you increase [BH], [H+] will increase too
–If you increase [B-], [H+] will decrease
If an acid / additional protons are added:BufferH Buffer- + H+ + 100 H+, then what?
•Then some of these will bind to the buffer
•The increase in protons is reduced
•The drop in pH is reduced:
BufferH
If an acid / additional protons are added:H2CO3 HCO3- + H++ 100 H+, then what?
- Then some of these will bind to bicarbonate
- The increase in protons is reduced
- The drop in pH is reduced:H2CO3
Bicarbonic acid can split into what?
water and CO2:H2O + CO2 H2CO3 HCO3- + H+
•CO2 can be exhaled, doing what?
shifting the balance
Removing CO2 means more bicarbonic acid will be split into water and CO2 and more protons will combine with bicarbonate
•If [H+] rises:
–The reaction will shift to produce more H2CO3
–H2CO3 dissociates to produce H2O and CO2
–CO2 is expired
•If [H+] drops:
–The reverse happens: CO2 combines with H2O
–Bicarbonate dissociates to raise [H+]
Drop in blood pH with intense exercise:
–7.4 to ~7.0
Drop in muscle pH with intense exercise:
–7.2 to 6.4
