lipids and lipid metabolism reading Flashcards
A group of organic molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that is relatively insoluble in water defines ______.
lipids
A molecule contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen within the molecule is 50:1. This molecule is a ______.
lipid
Protection, insulation, and forming the main component of cell membranes are roles of ______.
lipids
A lipid composed of three fatty acids joined to a glycerol is a(n) ______.
triglyceride
Fatty acids, fats, steroids, and prostaglandins are all classified as ______.
lipids
Describe the chemical composition of lipids.
Contains lots of carbon and hydrogen with less oxygen and may contain other elements.
A 3-carbon molecule with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon describes _____, a component of triglycerides.
glycerol
Most fats in the body are ______.
triglycerides
Identify the building blocks of triglycerides.
Fatty acids
Glycerol
A fatty acid has a double bond in its carbon chain. It is a(n) ______ fatty acid.
unsaturated
Which are components of of a glycerol molecule?
a hydroxyl group
3-carbon molecule
A major type of lipid molecule that can store energy, insulate, and act to cushion the body describes a(n) ______.
fat
How many double covalent bonds are in the carbon chain of a polyunsaturated fatty acid?
Two or more
Fatty acids are ______.
long chains of carbon atoms with a carboxyl group attached to one end
A fatty acid contains the maximum number of hydrogens possible. It is ______.
saturated
A ______ fatty acid has two or more double bonds within its carbon chain.
polyunsaturated
Examples of monounsaturated fats include ______.
olive and peanut oil
Trans fats have a ______ shelf life than unsaturated fats.
longer
Phospholipids are molecules that consist of two fatty acid chains attached to glycerol and a ______ molecule.
phosphate
Unsaturated fats that have been chemically altered by the addition of hydrogen ions are referred to as ______ fats.
trans
The phosphate end of a phospholipid is ______ and hydrophilic.
polar
Salts are attracted to water. They are ______.
hydrophilic
An amphiphilic molecule composed of fatty acids and a phosphate group bonded to the glycerol molecule describes a _______. These molecules are the major component of the plasma membrane and other cellular membranes.
phospholipid
What term describes molecules that are non-polar, repel water, and/or do not dissolve in water?
Hydrophobic
Cholesterol is an example of a ______.
steroid
A fatty acid with only one double bonds within its carbon chain would be categorized as _____.
monounsaturated
Identify the functions of steroids in the body.
Increase fat absorption
Important component of the cell membrane
Form reproductive hormones
A lipid molecule, such as cholesterol, that consists of four interconnected carbon rings is a ______.
steroid
_____ molecules play several important roles in the body including building blocks for cholesterol, bile, estrogen and testosterone.
Steroid
