Acid/Base reading 2 Flashcards
The most significant solute in determining total body water and the osmotic pressure of the ECF is _____.
sodium
What organ serves as the main route for sodium excretion?
Kidney
When blood pressure is increased, ______ is released and the reabsorption of ______ is decreased.
ANH, sodium
Sodium ions are excreted by the kidneys and from the ______ in sweat.
skin
Indicate which of the following explain why electrolytes are physiologically important.
They strongly affect the osmolarity of the body fluids and the body’s water content and distribution.
They determine the electrical potential (charge difference) across cell membranes.
True or false: Although Na+ levels affect blood pressure and blood osmolality, Na+ itself is not directly monitored for the primary mechanisms regulating its concentration.
True
What hormone is released in response to changes in blood osmolality and results in changes in extracellular sodium concentration?
ADH
What is hypernatremia?
Increased plasma sodium concentration
When blood pressure is decreased, the release of renin is ______ and the reabsorption of sodium is _______.
increased, increased
The primary mechanisms that regulate Na+ levels in the ECF directly monitor what two variables?
Blood osmolality
Blood pressure
Which of the following is NOT an anion electrolyte?
Calcium ion
The most abundant anions of the ECF and thus make a major contribution to its osmolarity are _____ ions.
Chloride
Chloride homeostasis is achieved primarily as an effect of ______ homeostasis
sodium
What is hypokalemia?
An abnormally low level of potassium in the extracellular fluid
A sudden increase in the extracellular potassium ion levels tends to make _____ and muscle cells abnormally excitable.
nerve
A decrease in extracellular potassium ions causes ______.
decreased excitability of muscles
What hormone regulates potassium levels, and how does it work?
Aldosterone; increases secretion of potassium
Muscular weakness and kidney stones are symptoms of what?
hypercalcemia
Select all of the following which are symptoms of of hypocalcemia.
Tetany
Muscle spasms
Confusion
Select the symptoms of hypercalcemia from the list below.
Fatigue
Weakness
Anorexia
How is extracellular calcium regulated?
By regulating bone deposition and reabsorption
By regulating intestinal absorption
The level of extracellular ______ ions is regulated by the kidneys, bones, and digestive tract.
calcium
What substance is required for the transport of calcium ions across the intestinal mucosa?
Vitamin D
Magnesium ions serve as ______.
cofactors for important enzymes
What roles does phosphate play in the body?
It is found in the salts of bone and teeth.
It is an important component of several macromolecules.
It is part of an important intracellular buffer system.
If the extracellular concentration of phosphate is abnormal, the ______ will increase or decrease their reabsorption rate.
kidneys
