Cardiovascular regulation reading 2 Flashcards
Intrinsic regulation of cardiac output results from mechanisms ______ the heart.
within
Extrinsic regulation of the heart requires involvement of ______.
hormones
the nervous system
Extrinsic regulation of the heart includes ______.
adrenal medulla secretions
autonomic reflexes
An increase in venous return to the heart leads to a(n) ______ in preload and therefore a(n) ______ in stroke volume.
increase, increase
The amount of tension in the ventricular myocardium immediately before it begins to contract is called what?
Preload
The Starling law of the heart describes the relationship between ______ and the pumping effectiveness of the heart.
preload
Neural and hormonal influences on the heart include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
somatic reflexes
The blood pressure in the great arteries determines which of the following?
Afterload
The Starling law of the heart states that stroke volume is proportional to the ______.
end-diastolic volume
With exercise, venous return will _____.
increase
Extrinsic regulation of the heart includes ______.
adrenal medulla secretions
autonomic reflexes
Which force impedes the opening of the semilunar valves and opposes ventricular ejection?
Afterload
Which autonomic system(s) innervate(s) the heart?
Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves
Identify the measurements that will increase with exercise.
Preload
Force of contraction
Cardiac output
What variables are kept in homeostatic ranges through extrinsic regulation of the heart?
Blood pressure
Blood chemistry
True or False: The sympathetic division of the ANS has a much larger influence on the heart.
True
The vagus nerve conveys signals from the ______ nervous system to the heart.
parasympathetic
The division of the nervous system that has an inhibitory effect on the heart is the what nervous system?
parasympathetic
Parasympathetic effects on the heart are via ______.
acetylcholine
The cardiac nerves convey signals from the ______ nervous system to the heart.
sympathetic
The what nerve conveys parasympathetic signals to the heart?
vagus
What variables are kept in homeostatic ranges through extrinsic regulation of the heart?
Blood pressure
Blood chemistry
The parasympathetic nervous system’s main effect on the heart is the decrease in ______.
heart rate
Baroreceptor information reaches the cardioregulatory center primarily through what two cranial nerves?
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
An increase in contractility caused by the sympathetic stimulation will result in increased ______.
stroke volume
If the heart rate is above a critical level, stroke volume actually decreases because ______.
end-diastolic volume decreases
Hormones from the adrenal medulla have what effects on the heart?
Increased rate
Increased contractility
Increased stroke volume
In maintaining homeostasis, regulation of the pumping action of the heart ensures ______.
the metabolic demands of tissues are maintained
The area of the medulla that specifically increases the heart rate is called the ______ center.
cardioacceleratory
The area of the medulla oblongata that specifically decreases the heart rate is called the what center?
cardioregulatory or cardioinhibitory
The cardioacceleratory area _____ heart rate and is found in the _____.
increases, medulla oblongata
The peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to oxygen levels of the blood and regulate heart activity are located in ______.
structures near the carotids and aortic arch
Chemoreceptors in the carotid bodies respond primarily to levels of ______.
oxygen
A drop in pH and rise in carbon dioxide _______ heart rate.
increases
