pronouns Flashcards
Subject pronoun: I
I am her sister.
Yo
“yoh”
Yo soy su hermana.
Subject pronoun: You (singular, informal)
You are very intelligent.
Tú (singular, informal)
“too”
Tú eres muy inteligente.
Subject pronoun: He
He works at a bank.
Él
“ehl”
Él trabaja en un banco.
Subject pronoun: You (singular, formal)
You are very kind.
Usted
“oos-tehd”
Usted es muy amable.
Subject pronoun: She
She sings very well.
Ella
“eh-yah”
Ella canta muy bien.
Subject pronoun: We
We are going to the movies.
Nosotros
“noh-soh-trohs”
Nosotros vamos al cine.
3rd person
Subject pronoun: You (plural)
You all are my friends.
Ustedes
“oos-teh-ehs”
Ustedes son mis amigos.
Subject pronoun: You (plural, masculine, Spain)
You all are my best friends.
Vosotros
“boh-soh-trohs”
Vosotros sois mis mejores amigos.
Subject pronoun: You (plural, feminine, Spain)
You all are organizing the party.
Vosotras
“boh-soh-trahs”
Vosotras estáis organizando la fiesta.
Subject pronoun: They (masculine)
They are studying for the exam.)
Ellos
“eh-yohs”
Ellos están estudiando para el examen.
Subject pronoun: They (feminine)
They are very talented.
Ellas
“eh-yahs”
Ellas son muy talentosas.
Direct Object pronoun
For example, if you say “I like the apple” and you want to substitute “apple” for a pronoun, you’d replace “apple” with the pronoun “it.” The sentence then becomes “I like it.”
A direct object pronoun is an object pronoun that receives the action of the verb directly.
For example:
I am buying a watermelon (direct object). → I am buying it (direct object pronoun).
He comprado una casa → La he comprado
How to use Direct Object pronoun
Using direct object pronouns with people
When using direct object pronouns with people in Spanish, simply replace the person with the appropriate pronoun, matching the gender and number, before the verb.
* Tu hermano odia nosotros → Tu hermano nos odia. (Your brother hates us.)
Using direct object pronouns with items
Similarly, to use direct object pronouns with items in Spanish, just replace the item with the appropriate pronoun before the verb.
- He comprado una casa → La he comprado
Using direct object pronouns in sentences with infinitives or gerunds
Now, there’s one exception to the rules above: When a pronoun is replacing an object that follows a verb in its infinitive or gerund form, it can be placed before the conjugated verb or attached to the end of an infinitive or gerund:
* Sentence: Estoy escuchando a* mi maestra. (I’m listening to my teacher.)
With direct object pronoun: La estoy escuchando. or Estoy escuchándola. (I’m listening to her.)
**
Direct Object pronoun: Me
My mom called me.
Me
“meh”
Mi mamá me llamó.
Direct Object pronoun: You (singular, informal)
I saw you in the park.
Te
“teh”
Te vi en el parque.
**
Direct Object pronoun: Him / it (masculine)
I have known him for a long time.
Lo
“loh”
Lo conozco desde hace mucho tiempo.
Direct Object pronoun: Her / it (feminine)
I saw María in the park. I greeted her.
La
“lah”
Vi a María en el parque. La saludé.
Direct Object pronoun: Us
We were invited to the party.
Nos
“nohs”
Nos invitaron a la fiesta.
**
Direct Object pronoun: You (plural, informal, Spain)
I saw you all in the store.
Os
“ohs”
Os vi en la tienda.
Direct Object pronoun: You / them (plural, feminine)
I delivered them this morning.
Las
“Lahs”
Las entregué esta mañana.
Direct Object pronoun: You (plural, informal, masculine)
I heard you all singing.
Los
“lohs”
Los escuché cantar.
Direct Object Pronouns vs. Indirect Object Pronouns in Spanish
Object pronouns are divided into direct object pronouns and indirect object pronouns.
So what exactly is the difference between these two types of object pronouns?
Well, a direct object pronoun receives the action of the verb directly. Going back to the watermelon sentence, when you decide to buy a watermelon, you’re directly buying it. There’s nothing between the action of buying and the watermelon.
If you say “I am writing an email to Laura,” you aren’t writing Laura, you are writing an email. The email will then be the direct object, but Laura will be indirectly affected because she will be receiving that email, so she’s the indirect object.
If we were to replace all the nouns with pronouns, we would get something like the following:
I am writing an email (direct object) to Laura (indirect object). → I am writing it (direct object pronoun) to her (indirect object pronoun).
**
Indirect Object Pronouns: To me
My mom gave me a gift.
Me
“Meh”
Mi mamá me dio un regalo.
Indirect Object Pronouns: To you
I lent you my book.
Te
“Teh”
Te presté mi libro.
Indirect Object Pronouns: To him/her/it
I told him/her the truth.
Le
“Leh”
Le dije la verdad.
Indirect Object Pronouns: To us
They gave us the package.
Nos
“Nohs”
Nos entregaron el paquete.
Indirect Object Pronouns: To you
(plural)
I have made dinner for you.
Os
“Ohs”
Os he hecho la cena.
Indirect Object Pronouns: To you/them
I gave them the keys.
Les
“Lehs”
Les di las llaves.
Prepositional Object Pronouns: Me
This gift is for me.
Mí
“mee”
Este regalo es para mí.
Prepositional Object Pronouns: You (singular, informal)
I’m thinking of you.
Ti
“Tee”
Estoy pensando en ti.
Prepositional Object Pronouns: You (singular, formal, third person)
The meeting is important for you.
Usted
“oos-tehd”
La reunión es importante para usted.
Prepositional Object Pronouns: Him
He talked about him during the conference.
Él
“ehl”
Habló de él durante la conferencia.
Prepositional Object Pronouns: Her
He went out for dinner with her.
Ella
“eh-yah”
Él salió a cenar con ella.
**
Prepositional Object Pronouns: It
I love this book, I can’t live without it.
Él/Ella
Amo este libro, no puedo vivir sin él.
These pronouns are used after prepositions such as for, from, without,
Prepositional Object Pronouns: Us
They called an Uber for us because it was late.
Nosotros
“noh-soh-trohs”
Llamaron a un Uber para nosotros porque era tarde.
These pronouns are used after prepositions such as for, from, without,
Prepositional Object Pronouns: You (plural) Third person
We organized a surprise party for you all.
Ustedes
“oos-teh-ehs”
Organizamos una fiesta sorpresa para ustedes.
Prepositional Object Pronouns: You (plural, masculine, Spain)
(I have something for you all.
Vosotros
“boh-soh-trohs”
Tengo algo para vosotros.
These pronouns are used after prepositions such as for, from, without,
Prepositional Object Pronouns: You (plural, feminine, Spain)
I can’t wait to go on vacation with you.
Vosotras
“boh-soh-trahs”
No puedo esperar a irme de vacaciones con vosotras.
These pronouns are used after prepositions such as for, from, without,
Prepositional Object Pronouns: Them (masculine)
I went to the beach without them.
Ellos
“eh-yohs”
Yo fui a la playa sin ellos.
These pronouns are used after prepositions such as for, from, without,
Prepositional Object Pronouns: Them (feminine)
We are going shopping with them.
Ellas
“eh-yahs”
Vamos de compras con ellas.
Reflexive Pronouns: Myself
I brush my teeth every morning.
Me
“meh”
Me cepillo los dientes todas las mañanas.
Reflexive Pronouns: Yourself (singular, informal)
You wash your hands before eating.
Te
“Teh”
Te lavas las manos antes de comer.
Reflexive Pronouns: Yourself (singular, formal)
You brush your hair every day.
Se
“seh”
Se peina el cabello todos los días.
Reflexive Pronouns: Himself / herself / itself
He/She looks at himself/herself in the mirror.
Se
“seh”
Se mira en el espejo.
Reflexive Pronouns: Ourselves
We help each other.
Nos
“nohs”
Nos ayudamos mutuamente.
Reflexive Pronouns: Yourselves (plural)
Os
Reflexive Pronouns: Yourselves (plural, informal, Spain)
Os
“Ohs”
Reflexive Pronouns: Themselves
Se
“seh”
Relative Pronouns: Who / that (singular)
The man who is speaking is my brother.
Que
“keh”
El hombre que está hablando es mi hermano.
Relative Pronouns: Who / that (plural)
(The students who study a lot have good grades.
Que
“keh”
Los alumnos que estudian mucho tienen buenas notas.
Relative Pronouns: Whom
He is the man whom I greeted.
A quien
“ah kyehn”
Él es el hombre a quinen saludé.
Relative Pronouns: Which
This is the book which you recommended to me.
Que
“keh”
Este es el libro que me recomendaste.
Relative Pronouns: Whose
The man whose car broke down called a tow truck.
Cuyo
“koo-yoh”
El hombre cuyo coche se averió llamó a una grúa.
Relative Pronouns: That
The friends who are here are very fun.
Que
“keh”
Los amigos que están aquí son muy divertidos.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns: Mine (masculine)
The book is mine.
Singular: Mío
“mee-oh”
El libro es mío.
Plural
Possessive Pronouns: Mine (masculine)
The books are mine.
Plural: Míos
“mee-ohs”
Los libros son míos.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns: Mine (feminine)
The house is mine.
Singular: Mía
“mee-ah”
La casa es mía
Plural
Possessive Pronouns: Mine (feminine)
The houses are mine
Plural: Mías
“mee-ahs”
Las casas son mías.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns: Yours (masculine)
The car is yours.
Singular: Tuyo
“too-yoh”
El coche es tuyo.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns: His / hers (masculine)
The dog is his/hers.
Singular: Suyo
“soo-yoh”
El perro es suyo.
Plural
Possessive Pronouns: Yours (masculine)
The cars are yours.
Plural: Tuyos
“too-yohs”
Los coches son tuyos.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns: Yours (feminine)
The bicycle is yours.)
Singular: Tuya
“too-yah”
La bicicleta es tuya.
Plural
Possessive Pronouns: Yours (feminine)
Singular version of you
The bicycles are yours.
Plural: Tuyas
“too-yahs”
Las bicicletas son tuyas.
Plural
Possessive Pronouns: His / hers (masculine)
The dogs are his/hers.
Plural: Suyos
“soo-yohs”
Los perros son suyos.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns: His / hers (feminine)
The flower is his/hers.
Singular: Suya
“soo-yah”
La flor es suya.
Plural
Possessive Pronouns:
His / hers (feminine)
The flowers are his/hers.
Plural: Suyas
“soo-yahs”
Las flores son suyas.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns:
Ours (masculine)
The project is ours.
Singular: Nuestro
“nwehs-troh”
El proyecto es nuestro.
Plural
Possessive Pronouns:
Ours (masculine)
The projects are ours.
Plural: Nuestros
“nwehs-trohs”
Los proyectos son nuestros.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns: Ours (feminine)
The company is ours.
Singular: Nuestra
“nwehs-trah”
La empresa es nuestra.
Plural
Possessive Pronouns:
Ours (feminine)
The companies are ours.
Plural: Nuestras
“nwehs-trahs””
Las empresas son nuestras.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns:
Yours (Masculine)
The present is yours.
Singular: Vuestro
“bwehs-troh”
El regalo es vuestro
Plural
Possessive Pronouns:
Yours (Masculine)
Plural version
The presents are yours.
Plural: Vuestros
“bwehs-trohs”
Los regalos son vuestros.
Plural version of you
Possessive Pronouns:
Yours (Feminine)
The letter is yours.
Singular: Vuestra
“bwehs-trah”
La carta es vuestra.
Plural
Possessive Pronouns:
Yours (Feminine)
The letters are yours.
Plural: Vuestras
“bwehs-trahs”
Las cartas son vuestras.
Singular
Possessive Pronouns:
Theirs/ Yours
(Masculine)
The hat is theirs/yours.
Singular: Suyo
“soo-yoh”
El sombrero es suyo.
Plural
Theirs/ Yours
(Masculine)
Formal plural
The hats are theirs/yours.
Plural: Suyos
“soo-yohs”
Los sombreros son suyos.
Singular
Theirs/ Yours
(Feminine)
The key is theirs/yours.
Singular: Suya
“soo-yah”
La llave es suya.
Plural
Theirs/ Yours
(Feminine)
The keys are theirs/yours.
Plural: Suyas
“soo-yahs”
Las llaves son suyas
Everyone/ Everybody
Everyone is invited to the party.
Todos
“toh-dohs”
todas
“toh-dahs”
Todos están invitados a la fiesta.
Someone
Someone knocked on the door.
Alguien
“ahl-gyehn”
Alguien llamó a la puerta.
Begins with an A
Anyone/ Anybody/ Somebody/ Someone
Someone once told me that life isn’t fair.
Alguien
“ahl-gyehn”
Alguien me dijo una vez que la vida no es justa.
Any
Either
Whichever
Anyone
Anybody
Whoever
Whomever
Ordinary (Adjective)
Anyone can do that.
Cualquiera
“kwahl-kyeh-rah”
Cualquiera puede hacer eso.
Nobody/ No one
Nadie
“nah-dyeh”
Something/ Anything/ A little
Do you want anything to drink?
There is something in the box.
Algo
“ahl-goh”
¿Quieres algo de beber?
Hay algo en la caja.
Nothing
There is nothing on the table.
Nada
“nah-dah”
No hay nada en la mesa.
Each one
Each one has their own opinion
Cada uno
“kah-dah oo-noh”
cada una "**kah**-dah **oo**-nah"
Cada uno tiene su propia opinión.
Many
Many came to the gathering.
Muchos
“moo-chohs”
muchas
“moo-chahs”
Muchos vinieron a la reunión.
Few
Few know the truth
Pocos / pocas
Pocos saben la verdad.
Several
Several are interested in the project.
Varios
“bah-ryohs”
varias
“bah-ryahs”
Varios están interesados en el proyecto.
This
(Masculine)
This is interesting.
Este
“ehs-teh”
Este es interesante.
This
(Feminine)
This is interesting.
Esta
“ehs-tah”
Este es interesante.
These
(Masculine)
These are interesting.
Estos
“ehs-tohs”
Estos son interesantes.
These
(Feminine)
We have to throw away these boxes.
Estas
“ehs-tahs”
Hay que tirar estas cajas.
That
(Masculine)
That car is the one I like best.
Ese
“eh-seh”
Ese coche es el que más me gusta.
That
(Feminine)
That movie was the best I’ve seen in a long time.
Esa
“eh-sah”
Esa película fue la mejor que he visto en mucho tiempo.
Plural
Those
(Masculine)
Those chairs are very dirty.
Esos
“eh-sohs”
Esas sillas están muy sucias
Those
(Feminine)
What’s the name of those Russian dolls that are placed one inside the other? - They’re called Matryoshka dolls.
Esas
“eh-sahs”
¿Cómo se llaman esas muñecas rusas que están una dentro de la otra? - Se llaman matrioshkas
That (over there)
(Masculine)
I really like that house on top of the hill.
Aquel
“ah-kehl”
Me gusta mucho aquella casa que hay en lo alto de la colina.
That (over there)
(Feminine)
Despite the fact that it is far away, that house is the prettiest of them all.
Aquella
“ah-keh-yah”
A pesar de estar lejos, aquella casa es la más bonita de todas.
Those (over there)
(Masculine)
I was born in 1920, and in those days, we didn’t have television.
Aquellos
“ah-keh-yohs”
Nací en 1920 y, en aquellos días, no teníamos televisión
Those (over there)
(Feminine)
Those houses over there were built more than 100 years ago.
Aquellas
“ah-keh-yahs”
Aquellas casas de allá fueron construidas hace más de 100 años
