Days, months and seasons Flashcards
Summer
El Verano
Autumn
El Otoño
Winter
El Invierno
Spring
La Primavera
Monday
lunes
Tuesday
martes
Wednesday
miércoles
Thursday
jueves
Friday
viernes
Saturday
sábado
Sunday
domingo
The Weekend
(This weekend, I’m going to see my friends.)
El fin de semana
Este fin de semana voy a ver a mis amigas.
Week days
dias de la semana
Are days of the week capitalised?
No
In English, failing to capitalize the days of the week is a grammar error. But in Spanish, the opposite is true—capitalizing is grammatically incorrect. The only exception is if they appear as the first word of a sentence.
Are days of the week masculine or feminine?
Masculine
The days of the week are gendered since they’re nouns. Luckily, this is easy to remember because all days are masculine. This means that when referring to a day, you must use the masculine articles el, los, un and algunos.
Preposition for days
- El
- Los
In English, we use the preposition “on” to talk about something happening on a specific day. Resist the urge to translate directly—in Spanish, you don’t need to insert the word en, or any other preposition, for that matter! When talking about days of the week, use the pronouns el and los to mean “on.” Use el when talking about one single occurrence and the plural los when talking about something that happens habitually.
Example
Viene a Madrid el lunes.
(She’s coming to Madrid on Monday.)
Trabaja todos los sábados.
(He works every Saturday.)
What days change for plural form?
Only sábado and domingo change in plural form
Sometimes, you need to talk about days of the week in the plural, like in the previous example (“todos los sábados”).
When making days of the week plural, only add an –s if the word doesn’t already end in –s (in other words, only add -s to sábado and domingo). Otherwise, the word stays the same in the plural form.
Plural form of monday
Los lunes
Plural form of tuesday
Los martes
Plural form of wednesday
Los miércoles
Plural form of thursday
Los jueves
Plural form of friday
Los viernes
Plural form of saturday
Los sábados
Plural form of Sunday
Los domingos
Ser or estar for days of the week
Ser
When talking about which day of the week it is, you’ll always use ser instead of estar. This might be confusing at first since estar is usually used when describing things that are transient, but with practice, you’ll get the hang of it. Take a look at some examples:
Hoy es martes. (Today is Tuesday.)
El juego es el miércoles. (The game is on Wednesday.)
Mi cumpleaños es el próximo viernes. (My birthday is next Friday.)
What day is today?
Qué día es hoy?
Today is
Hoy es..
Tomorrow is
Mañana es…
Mañana es martes.
(Tomorrow is Tuesday.)
Yesterday was
Ayer fue…
Ayer fue domingo.
(Yesterday was Sunday.)
The day
El día
¿Qué día es hoy?
(What day is today?)
The date
What is the date today?
La fecha
¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?
Next
(Next Monday is my birthday!)
El próximo
¡El próximo lunes es mi cumpleaños!
The upcoming…
We’re going to Barcelona this upcoming Friday.
Que viene…
Vamos a Barcelona el viernes que viene.
The folllowing…
Siguiente…
No empieza el curso el próximo lunes, sino el lunes siguiente.
(The class doesn’t begin next Monday, but rather, the following Monday.)
Last
Last Saturday, we went to the beach.
Pasado
El sábado pasado, fuimos a la playa.
Previous
I didn’t see her last Friday, but rather, the previous Friday.
Anterior
No la vi el viernes pasado, sino el viernes anterior.
The week
La semana
Hay siete días en la semana.
(There are seven days in a week.)
Every
(I have math class every Thursday
Cada / Todos los…
Cada jueves tengo clase de matemáticas./Tengo clase de matemáticas todos los jueves..)
Midweek
I travel on the weekends, but I stay at home during the week.
Entre semana
Viajo los fines de semana, pero me quedo en casa entre semana.
The first __ of the month
(There is a party on the first Saturday of June.)
El primer… del mes
Hay una fiesta el primer sábado de junio.
1
From __ to __
De… a…
Trabajo de lunes a viernes.
(I work from Monday to Friday.)
2
From __ to __
Desde… hasta…
acronym of days of week
Little
Mice
Make
Jolly
Vikings
Slam
Doors
January
enero
eh-neh-roh
February
febrero
March
marzo
mahr-soh (Latin America)
mahr-thoh (Spain)
April
abril
May
mayo
June
Junio
July
julio
August
agosto
September
septiembre
October
octubre
November
noviembre
December
diciembre
Are spanish months capitalised?
No,
, in Spanish, the names of the months are never capitalized—unless, of course, they’re at the beginning of a title or sentence.
Gender of months
They are all masculine
All of the Spanish months have masculine gender, so remember that if you want to modify any month with an adjective, you must use the masculine form of the adjective.
Fue un agosto muy caluroso.
It was a very hot August.
Spring
La Primavera
lah pree-mah-VEHR-ah
Spring
flower
La flor
Spring
breeze
La brisa
Spring
butterfly
La mariposa
Spring
cloudy
Nublado
Spring
clear sky
Cielo despejado
Spring
Spring cleaning
La limpieza general
Spring
to get warmer
Hacer más calor
Spring
plant
La planta
Spring
to bloom
Florecer
Spring
Easter
La Pascua
Summer
Summer
El Verano
ehl vehr-AH-noh
Summer
sunny
Soleado
Summer
to get a tan
Summer
sunburn
Summer
to sunbathe
Summer
to swim
Summer
to go on vacation
Summer
pool
Summer
sunscreen
Summer
sunglasses
Summer
swimsuit
El traje de baño
Spring
bud
el capullo
Spanish emphasise poo
kah-poo-yoh
Spring
leaf
la hoja
oh-hah
Spring
stem
el tallo
tah-yoh
Emphasis on tah
Spring
root
la raíz
rrah-eeth (Spain)
Emphasise the ending
rrah-eeth (Spain)
rrah-ees (Latin America)
rrah -eeth (Spain)
Spring
petal
el pétalo
peh-tah-loh
Emphasis on peh
Spring
seed
la semilla/la simiente
Spring
poppy
la amapola
ah -mah-poh-lah
Spanish emphasise poh
Spring
sunflower
el girasol
hee-rah-sohl (Spain)
Spring
daffodil
el narciso
nahr-see-soh (Latin America)
nahr-thee-soh (Spain)
Spring
daisy
la margarita
Spring
lily
la azucena
Spring
iris
el lirio
Spring
to grow, increase
crecer
El girasol crece debajo del sol/ The sunflower grows under the sun.
Crecer is the verb you’d use to speak about plants growing:
But it doesn’t just pertain to plants. It can also be used to refer to growth and increase in terms of humans, plants, grades, rent, prices, taxes
Spring
to blossom/open
florecer, abrirse
Cada día los pétalos de las prímulas se abren/ Every day the petals of the primroses open
Odio que las malas hierbas florezcan en mi jardín/ I hate that weeds flourish in my garden.
Florecer and abrirse are synonyms and can both be used to talk about flowers blooming.
Abrirse is the reflexive form of abrir, meaning “to open.” When you add the reflexive pronoun se to the verb, its meaning changes to “to open oneself, to open up,” which is exactly what flowers do when they bloom:
Florecer, on the other side of la hoja (the leaf), has other meanings. It can also be used to mean “to flourish” and “to prosper,” so you can use it when talking about plants but also in reference to other things that do well, like your botany business, for instance. Here it is in relation to nature:
Spring
to dig
cavar
Cava el agujero aquí, por favor/ Dig the hole here, please
Spring
to water
regar
Es importante que riegues las plantas nuevas/ It’s important that you water new plants.
Spring
to plant
I planted daisies and poppies close to the tree
plantar
Planté las margaritas y las amapolas cerca del árbol.
Spring
to sprout
germinar, brotar, echar
Although all three of the verbs above mean “to sprout,” they each have their own nuances.
Echar is one of those complicated Spanish verbs that have multiple meanings, such as: “to throw,” “to pour,” “to emit,” “to send,” “to reckon,” “to fire,” “to begin” and many more. To use it as “to sprout,” you’d say:
Las semillas echan de la tierra. (The seeds sprout from the earth.)
Germinar is a more specific way to say “to sprout,” and it’s used exclusively when speaking about seeds. In fact, you might have noticed that it sounds like the English word “to germinate”!
Brotar is another way to say “to sprout”:
El arce japonés brota hojas rojas. (The Japanese maple sprouts red leaves.)
Spring
bright, vibrantly-colored
brillante
El lirio anaranjado tiene pétalos brillantes/ The orange iris has bright petals
Spring
verdant (leafy)
verde
Las yerbas del prado son verdes y blandas/ The meadow grasses are verdant and soft
Spring
glorious
The pond with waterlilies, frogs and fish is glorious
espléndido
La balsa con los lirios acuáticos, las ranas y los peces es espléndida/
Spring
hardy
That dandelion is the worst weed because it’s very hardy.
resistente
Ese diente de león es la peor mala hierba porque es muy resistente/
Spring
lush
The park has many lush trees and flowers.
exuberante, lozano
El parque tiene mucho arboles y flores lozanos.
Spring
leafy
The hydrangea is a verdant and leafy flower.
frondoso
La hortensia es una flor verde y frondosa.
Spring
pollen
(Bees love pollen, but allergy sufferers hate it.)
el polen
Las abejas aman el polen, pero los alérgicos lo odian.
Spring
dander
Dander is material shed from the body of humans and other animals that have fur, hair, or feathers.
la caspa
No quieres saber cuáles materiales asquerosos encuentras en la caspa. (You don’t want to know what gross stuff you’ll find in dander.)
