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AP Psychology > Prologue > Flashcards

Prologue Flashcards

0
Q

Plato

A

Student of Spcrates, teacher of Aristotle; derived principals by logic, concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies, knowledge is born within us

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes; describes and explains how we think, feel, and act

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2
Q

Socrates

A

Taught Plato; derived principals by logic, concluded that mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies, knowledge is born within us

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3
Q

Aristotle

A

Student of Plato; said that knowledge is not preexisting, it grows from experiences in our memories

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4
Q

Descartes

A

Agreed with Plato and Socrates; dissected animals and discovered nerve paths from muscles to the brain

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5
Q

Francis Bacon

A

Introduced the scientific method which implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing a hypothesis; Fascinated by the human mind, it’s failings, and ability to perceive patterns

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6
Q

John Locke

A

Argues that the mind at birth is a blank slate on which experience writes

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7
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation

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8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Instructor of Edward Tichener; conducted psychology’s first experiment by testing the response time to various activities, opened first laboratory

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9
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

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10
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Taught by Wunt; introduced and brought structuralism to the U.S. and opened the first U.S. laboratory at Cornell University (rose experiment)

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11
Q

Introspection

A

Looking inward, self-reflection

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function (William James)

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13
Q

William James

A

Taught Mary Calkins; founded functionalism, encouraged explorations of down to earth emotions, memories, will power, habits, and moment to moment streams of consciousness

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14
Q

Mary Calkins

A

Student of William James; earned a Harvard Ph.D. but denied the degree; became a distinguished memory researcher and APA’s 1st female president

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15
Q

Margaret Floyd Washburn

A

Earned 1st female psychology Ph.D.; became the 2nd APA president

16
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

The branch of psychology that emphasizes the growth potential of healthy people

17
Q

Nature-Nurture Issue

A

Relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

18
Q

Natural Selection

A

Among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

19
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Complementary outlooks of different systems

20
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

How the natural selection of traits promotes the continuation of one’s genes

21
Q

Behavior Genetics Perspective

A

An approach to psychology that studies observable behavior rather than hidden mental processes

22
Q

Neuroscience Perspective

A

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences

23
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

An approach to psychology that studies how human behavior is determined by hidden or unconscious motives and desires

24
Q

Behavioral Perspective

A

An approach to psychology that studies observable behavior rather than hidden mental processes

25
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

An approach to psychology that studies how the mind organizes and makes sense of information and experiences; studies all aspects of thinking, including problem solving, decision making, memory, reasoning, and language

26
Q

Social-Cultural Perspective

A

An approach to psychology that studies how social surroundings and culture shape thinking and behavior

27
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

28
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that sims to solve practical problems

29
Q

Biological Psychologists

A

Exploring the links between brain and mind

30
Q

Developmental Psychologists

A

Studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

31
Q

Cognitive Psychologists

A

Experimenting with how we perceive, think, and solve problems

32
Q

Personality Psychologists

A

Investigating our persistent traits

33
Q

Social Psychologists

A

Exploring how we view and affect one another

34
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being

35
Q

Clinical Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

36
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

AP Psychology (22 decks)

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