Chapter 9 Part 2 Flashcards
Echoic Memory
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds
Iconic Memory
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic of picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second
George Miller
Enshrined this recall capacity as the magical number 7, plus or minus 2
Long-term Potential (LTP)
An increase in a synapse’s firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory.
Amnesia
Loss of memory
Implicit Memory
(Procedural memory) memory of learned skills that does not require conscious recollection (skills, habits, classical conditioning, processed in cerebellum)
Explicit Memory
(Declarative memory) memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and “declare” (processed in hippocampus)
Hippocampus
A neural center that is located in the limbic system and helps process explicit memories for storage
Cerebellum
“Little brain” - receives information from the sensory system, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain
Recognition
A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as in a multiple choice test
Recall
A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test
Relearning
A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material a second time
Priming
The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
Deja Vu
That eerie sense that “I’ve already experienced this before,” cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience
Mood-Congruent Memory
The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with ones current good or bad mood
Ebbinghaus
The more you rehearse, the more you remember
Proactive Interference
(Forward acting) the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information
Retroactive Interference
(Backward acting) the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information
Repression
In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories
Loftus
A psychologist, known specifically for her work with memory
Misinformation Effect
Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event (experienced but inaccuracies)
Source Amnesia
Attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined (never experienced it)
State-Dependent Learning
We remember best when we are in the same psychological state we were in when we originally encoded it
Context Effects
Putting yourself back in the context where you experienced something can prime your memory retrieval
Freud
Used repression to treat people
