Chapter 12 Flashcards
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior factors that influence initiation, direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior
Drive-Reduction
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tensions state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Incentives
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Optimal Arousal Theory
Curiosity-driven behaviors, for example, suggest that too little as well as too much stimulation can motivate people to seek optimum levels of arousal
Abraham Maslow
Created hierarchy or needs
Hierarchy of Needs
States that we all have that awesome in us
Glucose
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When it’s level is low, we feel hunger
Set Point
The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
Basal Metabolic Rate
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Anorexia Nervosa
When a normal weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15% or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
Bulimia Nervosa
When episodes of overheating, usually of high-calorie foods, are followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
Alfred Kinsey
Asked people about sexual questions, mostly well-educated white urbanites
Sexual Response Cycle
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Refractory Period
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Sexual Disorder
A problem that consistently impairs arousal or functioning
Estrogen
A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity
Testosterone
The most important of the male sex hormone. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Sexual Orientation
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either ones own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation)
Flow
A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skills
Industrial-Organizational Psychology
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Personnel Psychology
A sub field of I/O psychology hat focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
Organizational Psychology
A sub field of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on parolee satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
Structured Interview
Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
Achievement Motivation
A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas, for attaining a high standard
Task Leadership
Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
Social Leadership
Goal-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support
