Chapter 15 Part 2 Flashcards
Humanistic Perspective
Fulfilling ones happiness
Terror-Management Theory
Proposes that faith in one’s worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death
Abraham Maslow
Believes that all of us have the potential to reach self-actualization; self-accepting, open, spontaneous, caring secure in themselves, unselfish (characteristics he thought of)
Self-Actualization
The ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential
Carl Rogers
Believed that in order for self-actualization to occur, three conditions were required (genuineness, acceptance, empathy)
Unconditional Positive Regard
An attitude of total acceptance toward another person
Self-Concept
All out thoughts and feelings about ourselves, it answers the question, “who am I?”
Trait Perspective
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
Traits
A characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories and peer reports
Gordon Allport
Defined personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns; he was less concerned explaining traits than with identifying them
Factor Analysis
The statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together
Personality Inventories
A questionnaire (often with true-false or agree-disagree items) on which people respond to items to gauge a wide range of feelings and behavior; used to assess selected personality traits
MMPI
Used to identify depression, anxiety, paranoia, deviance and other psychological disorders, consists of 567 statements to which a person can respond true, false, or cannot say
Empirically Derived
A test (such as MMPI) developed by testing a poo, of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
The Big Five
Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism (emotional stability vs. instability), openness, extraversion
Social-Cognitive Perspective
View behavior or influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context
Reciprocal Determinism
Interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
Personal Control
Our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
External Locus of Control
The perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determines one’s fate
Internal Locus of Control
The perception that one controls one’s fate
Martin Seligman
Positive psychology
Learned Helplessness
He hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human feels when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Positive Psychology
The scientific study to optimal human functioning aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive
Spotlight Effect
Overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if we presume a spotlight shines on us)
Self-Esteem
One’s feelings of high or low self-worth
Self-Serving Bias
A readiness to perceive oneself favorably
- People accept more responsibility for good deeds than for bad, and for successes than for failures
- Most people see themselves as better than average
Albert Bandura
Bobo doll experiment, social-cognitive perspective
