Chapter 18 Part 1

Question 0

Attribution Theory

Answer 0

Suggests how we explain someone’s behavior - by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition

Question 1

Social Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 2

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 2

The tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of a personal disposition

Question 3

Attitudes

Answer 3

Feelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events

Question 4

Foot-in-the-door-phenomenon

Answer 4

The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request

Question 5

Philip Zimbardo – Stanford Prison Experiment

Answer 5

Assessing people’s attitudes before and after they adopt a new role, the guards and prisoners took it too seriously and the study had to end early

Question 6

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Answer 6

We act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. When our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the discomfort by changing our attitudes

Question 7

Conformity

Answer 7

Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard (Solomon Asch - 1955)

Question 8

The Asch Conformity Experiment

Answer 8

Confederates of an experiment choosing the wrong answer cause the experimental volunteer to agree with them so as not to be the odd one out (line test)

Question 9

Normative Social Influence

Answer 9

Influence resulting from a person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval (individual conformity)

Question 10

Information Social Influence

Answer 10

Influence resulting from one’s willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality (group conformity)

Question 11

Stanley Milgram’s Obedience Experiment

Answer 11

Participants were required to give electric shocks to people that got answers wrong on a memory test, the shocks got stronger each time

Question 12

Social Facilitation

Answer 12

Stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others

Question 13

Social Loafing

Answer 13

The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable

Question 14

Deindividuation

Answer 14

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster aroudal and anonymity

Question 15

Group Polarization

Answer 15

The enhancement of a group’s prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group

Question 16

Groupthink

Answer 16

The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

Question 17

Prejudice

Answer 17

An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and it’s members. Prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action —- influence, sway, unjust

Question 18

Stereotype

Answer 18

A generalized (sometimes accurate but often over generalized) belief about a group of people

Question 19

Discrimination

Answer 19

Unjustifiable behavior toward a group or it’s members