Chapter 15 Part 1

Question 0

Sigmund Freud

Answer 0

Focused largely on the role of our unconscious and our childhood experiences in determining personality

Question 1

Personality

Answer 1

An individuals characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 2

Free Association

Answer 2

In psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing

Question 3

Psychoanalysis

Answer 3

Freud’s theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Question 4

Unconscious

Answer 4

The part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences our behavior

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

The unconscious system of personality, consisting of basic sexual and aggressive drives, that supplies psychic energy to personality (devil)

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

The conscious division of personality that attempts to mediate between the demands of the id, superego, and reality (umpire)

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

The division of personality that contains the conscience and develops by incorporating the perceived moral standards of society (angel)

Question 8

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 8

The childhood stages of development (oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital) during which, according to Freud, the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones

Question 9

Oedipus Complex

Answer 9

According to Freud, a boys sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father

Question 10

Identification

Answer 10

The process by which, according to Freud, children incorporate their parents’ rules into their developing superegos

Question 11

Fixate

Answer 11

According to Freud, a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage in which conflicts were unresolved

Question 12

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 12

There are certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself by distorting reality

Question 13

Denial

Answer 13

The refusal to accept the reality of something that makes you anxious

Question 14

Repression

Answer 14

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness

Question 15

Regression

Answer 15

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated

Question 16

Reaction Formation

Answer 16

Causes the ego to unconsciously switch unacceptable impulses into their opposites. People may express feelings of purity when they may be suffering anxiety from unconscious feelings about sex

Question 17

Projection

Answer 17

When people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Question 18

Rationalization

Answer 18

Defense mechanism that offers self-justifying explanations in the place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actions

Question 19

Displacement

Answer 19

Psychoanalytic defense mechanism that shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet

Question 20

Alfred Adler

Answer 20

Thought up the inferiority complex – a pattern of avoiding feelings of inadequacy rather than trying to overcome their source

Question 21

Karen Horney

Answer 21

Agreed that the childhood was important, but that social, not sexual tensions are crucial for personalit formation; tried to counter Freud’s assumptions

Question 22

Carl Jung

Answer 22

Thought up archetypes (an inherited idea based on the experiences of one’s ancestors, which shapes one’s perceptions of the world) and collective unconsciousness

Question 23

Collective Unconsciousness

Answer 23

Carl Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from out species’ history

Question 24

Projective Tests

Answer 24

An unstructured test in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli

Question 25

TAT

Answer 25

A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Question 26

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 26

This test consists of a series of 10 cards with Inkblot designs and a system for interpreting responses. 5 are black and gray, 2 have red splotches, and 3 have a mixture of different colors