Chapter 16 Flashcards
4 D’s
Deviant (different, extreme, unusual, any deviation from the majority), distressful (unpleasant or upsetting to the individual), dysfunctional (disruptive to the person’s ability to conduct daily activities, those that fail to adjust), dangerous (threatening to the person’s well-being or to the safety of others)
Diathesis Stress Model
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Psychological Disorder
Deviant, distressful, dangerous, and dysfunctional behavior patterns
Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of the three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity)
Medical Model
The concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured. When applied to psychological disorders, the medical model assumes that these mental illnesses can be diagnosed on the basis of their symptoms and cured through therapy, which may include treatment in a psychiatric hospital
DSM-V
The American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, precise and consistent diagnosis people, used to identify disorders
Labeling Effects
When ideas can stigmatize a person by biasing others’ interpretations and perceptions of past and present behaviors and by affecting the way people react to the labeled person
Anxiety Disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety of maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal; the anxiety feeling is free-floating
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations
Phobic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation
Agoraphobia
A fear of avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes, phobia of open places
Specific Phobia
Fear of a specific object
Social Phobia
An intense fear of being scrutinized by others. They may avoid speaking up, eating out, or going to parties — or will sweat, tremble, or have diarrhea when doing so
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) that cause distress
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after traumatic experience
Dissociative Disorders
Disorder in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Also called multiple personality disorder
Mood Disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes
Major Depressive Disorder
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
Dysthymic Disorder
A disorder characterized by daily depression lasting two years or more, they suffer from chronic low energy and self-esteem, have difficulty concentrating or making decisions p, and sleep and eat too much or too little
Mania
A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
Bipolar Disorder
A mood disorder in which the person alternated between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania
Schizophrenia
A group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions
