Chapter 18 Part 2

Question 1

Outgroup

Answer 1

“Them” – those perceived as different or apart from one’s ingroup

Question 2

In-group Bias

Answer 2

The tendency to favor one’s own group

Question 3

Scapegoat Theory

Answer 3

The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Question 4

Just-world Phenomenon

Answer 4

The tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 5

Aggression

Answer 5

Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Question 6

Frustration-aggression Principle

Answer 6

A principle in which frustration caused by the blocking of an attempt to achieve a desired goal, creates anger which can generate aggression
Frustration-blocking of goal-anger-aggression

Question 7

Conflict

Answer 7

A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas

Question 8

Social Traps

Answer 8

A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior

Question 9

Mere-exposure effect

Answer 9

The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases the liking of them

Question 10

Passionate Love

Answer 10

An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship

Question 11

Companionate Love

Answer 11

The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined

Question 12

Equity

Answer 12

A condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it

Question 13

Self-disclosure

Answer 13

Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others

Question 14

Altruism

Answer 14

Unselfish regard for the welfare of others

Question 15

Bystander Effect

Answer 15

The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

Question 16

Social Exchange Theory

Answer 16

The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs

Question 17

Reciprocity Norm

Answer 17

An expectation that people will help, not hurt those who have helped them

Question 18

Social-responsibility Norm

Answer 18

An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them

Question 19

Superordinate Goals

Answer 19

Shared goals that override difference among people and require their cooperation

Question 20

GRIT

Answer 20

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction – a strategy designated to decrease international tensions

Question 21

Chameleon Effect

Answer 21

The tendency to unconsciously mimic those around us

Question 22

Ingroup

Answer 22

“Us” – people with whom one shares a common identity