Prokaryotes

Question 1

peptidoglycan

Answer 1

network of modified sugar polymers contained in most bacterial cell walls

Question 2

archaeal cell wall

Answer 2

contains variety of polysaccharides and proteins but lacks peptidoglycan

Question 3

gram positive bacteria

Answer 3

simpler cell wall with large amounts of peptidoglycan

Question 4

gram negative bacteria

Answer 4

less peptidoglycan causing resistance to antibiotics with outer membranes with lipopolysaccharides which are toxic

Question 5

prokaryotic cell shape

Answer 5

spheres (cocci), rods (bacilli), spirals

Question 6

bacterial capsule

Answer 6

sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein which covers cell well

Question 7

prokaryote stickiness

Answer 7

fimbriae are more numerous and shorter than pili

Question 8

gram negative flagella

Answer 8

motor is basal apparatus embedded in cell wall and plasma membrane. not covered in plasma membrane

Question 9

endospore

Answer 9

bacteria can form resistant cells when essential nutrient are lacking in environment

Question 10

photoautotrophs

Answer 10

photosynthetic organisms capture light energy and use CO2 for energy

Question 11

chemoautotrophs

Answer 11

need only CO2 as carbon source but oxidize inorganic substances for energy

Question 12

photoheterotrophs

Answer 12

light energy but obtain carbon from organic sources

Question 13

chemoheterotrophs

Answer 13

consume organic molecules for energy and carbon

Question 14

nitrogen fixation

Answer 14

some prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen, N2, to ammonia, NH3

Question 15

Nuclear envelope

Answer 15

B: absent A: absent E: present

Question 16

membrane enclosed organelles

Answer 16

B: absent A: absent E: present

Question 17

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Answer 17

B: present A: absent E: absent

Question 18

RNA polymerase

Answer 18

B: one A: several E: several

Question 19

Initial translation amino acid

Answer 19

B: formyl-methionine A+E: methionine

Question 20

Introns

Answer 20

B:rare A: present some genes E: present

Question 21

histones with DNA

Answer 21

B: absent A+E: present

Question 22

Circular chromosome

Answer 22

B+A: present E: absent

Question 23

Protobacteria

Answer 23

Clade 1-gram negative bacteria that includes helicobacter pylori

Question 24

chlamydias

Answer 24

Clade 2A-parasites live only within animal cells

Question 25

spirochetes

Answer 25

Clade 2B-helical heterotrophs

Question 26

cyanobacteria

Answer 26

clade 3A-photoautorophs with plantlike oxtgen generating photosynthesis. likely evolved into chlorplasts

Question 27

gram positive bacteria

Answer 27

clade 3B-second most diverse and mycoplasma lack cell wall

Question 28

decomposers

Answer 28

chemoheterotrophs break down organic molecules

Question 29

archaea

Answer 29

end in -chaeotes