Mendel inheritance

Question 1

genetic character

Answer 1

heritable feature such as flower color that varies among individuals

Question 2

genetic trait

Answer 2

variant for a character such as purple or white flower color

Question 3

mendel hybridization

Answer 3

crossing of two true breeding varieties of traits

Question 4

True breeding generations

Answer 4

P generation is parental generation; F1 generation is first generation which is hybrid

Question 5

character inheritance

Answer 5

an organism inherits two alleles; one from each parent

Question 6

law of segregation

Answer 6

two alleles for a heritable character separate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Question 7

testcross

Answer 7

breeding of a recessive homozygote with a dominant phenotype but unknown genotype

Question 8

monohybrids

Answer 8

heterozygous for one character

Question 9

dihybrid

Answer 9

heterozygous for two characters

Question 10

dihybrid cross

Answer 10

a cross between F1 hybrids to determine assortment

Question 11

law of independent assortment

Answer 11

each pair of alleles segregate independently of other pairs of alleles during gamete formation

Question 12

complete dominance

Answer 12

F1 plants always looked like one of the two parental varieties of one allele over another

Question 13

codominance

Answer 13

two alleles both affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways

Question 14

incomplete dominance

Answer 14

alleles for some characters fall in the middle of the spectrum of dominance

Question 15

blood transfusion

Answer 15

if a type A person receives blood from a type B or type AB donor, the recipients immune system recognizes the foreign B substance and attacks them

Question 16

peiotropy

Answer 16

most genes have multiple phenotypic character effects

Question 17

epistasis

Answer 17

gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus

Question 18

polygenic inheritance

Answer 18

additive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character; skin pigmentation in humans is controlled by at least 3 separately inherited genes

Question 19

segragation stage

Answer 19

alleles segregate from each other during anaphase I of meiosis

Question 20

linked genes

Answer 20

genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses

Question 21

recombinants

Answer 21

offspring have new combinations of traits that produce a different phenotype from the parent

Question 22

genetic map

Answer 22

ordered list of genetic loci along a particular chromosome

Question 23

centimorgans

Answer 23

originally map units; distance between genes; one map unit equals 1% recombination frequency

Question 24

cytogenetic maps

Answer 24

locate genes on chromosomoes by comparing features such as stained bands

Question 25

X chromosome mosaicism

Answer 25

some cells have active X from the father and others have active X from the mother

Question 26

Barr body

Answer 26

the inactive X in each cell of a female condenses into a compact object

Question 27

tortoiseshell cat

Answer 27

only females can have this fur coloration because of the X inactivation

Question 28

nondisjunction

Answer 28

members of a pair of homologous chromosomes do not move apart properly during meiosis I or sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II

Question 29

aneuploidy

Answer 29

an aberrant gamete unites with a normal one at fertilization, offspring will have an abnormal number of a particular chromosome