Endocrine

Question 1

cell surface receptor

Answer 1

for mostly water soluble hormones embedded in plasma membrane and initiates signal transduction pathways

Question 2

water soluble hormones

Answer 2

proteins and peptides; amines derived from amino acids; triggers signal transduction and response in cytoplasm or gene transcription

Question 3

non water soluble hormones

Answer 3

steroids; lipid soluble binds to signal receptor(commonly transcription factor) in cytoplasm or cell

Question 4

paracrine signaling

Answer 4

chemical compounds that are local regulators, not hormones

Question 5

peptide local regulator

Answer 5

cytokines- immune response; growth factor- cell proliferation and differentiation

Question 6

nitric oxide

Answer 6

local regulator when blood oxygen level falls, NO secreted by endothelial cells in blood vessel walls

Question 7

prostaglandins

Answer 7

local regulator, modified fatty acids; inflammatory response

Question 8

hypothalamus gland

Answer 8

sends hormones to posterior pituitary and produces hormones that regulate anterior pituitary

Question 9

posterior pituitary

Answer 9

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Question 10

anterior pituitary

Answer 10

growth, thyroid stimulating, follicle stimulating hormones

Question 11

thyroid gland

Answer 11

calcitonin- lowers blood calcium level

Question 12

parathyroid gland

Answer 12

parathyroid hormone- raises blood calcium level

Question 13

pancreas

Answer 13

insulin- lowers blood glucose; glucagon- raises blood glucose

Question 14

glucagon

Answer 14

raises blood glucose level by liver break down of glycogen releasing into blood

Question 15

adrenal gland

Answer 15

sits on kidney and produces epinephrine, and glucocortcoids

Question 16

androgens

Answer 16

produced in testes

Question 17

estrogens/progesterones

Answer 17

produced in ovaries

Question 18

tropic hormones

Answer 18

hormones that regulate the function of endocrine organs

Question 19

insulin

Answer 19

lowers blood glucose by cells and liver taking up glucose

Question 20

catecholamines

Answer 20

epinephrine and norepinephrine affect fight or flight stress

Question 21

epinephrine response

Answer 21

stronger effect on heart and metabolic rates

Question 22

norepinephrine

Answer 22

strong effect on sustaining blood pressure

Question 23

corticosteroids

Answer 23

glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids- helps maintain stress over extended period of time

Question 24

androgen hormones

Answer 24

main being testosterone which is important for male development

Question 25

estrogen hormones

Answer 25

main being estradiol for female development

Question 26

progestin hormones

Answer 26

progesterone is important for uterine development

Question 27

brain hormone

Answer 27

insect brain; stimulates release of ecdysone from prothoracic glands

Question 28

ecdysone

Answer 28

promotes molting and development of adult characteristics; change from caterpillar to butterfly

Question 29

juvenile hormone

Answer 29

secreted by corpora allata behind insect brain