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Biology > Circulation > Flashcards

Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

gastrovascular cavity

A

cnidarians + flatworms; serves both in digestion and in distribution of substances throughout the body

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2
Q

open circulatory system

A

insects+arthropods+most molluscs; no distinction between blood and interstitial fluid

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3
Q

hemolymph

A

the blood and interstitial fluid of an open circulatory system

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4
Q

insect heart

A

pumps hemolymph into sinuses through elongated tube located dorsally

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5
Q

ostia

A

when heart relaxes the hemolymph is drawn into circulatory system through these holes

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6
Q

open circulatory advantage

A

lower hydrostatic pressure makes them expend less energy

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7
Q

fish cardiovascular

A

two chambered heart and a single circuit of blood flow

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8
Q

amphibian cardiovascular

A

three chambered heart and two circuits of blood with mixing in single ventricle

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9
Q

amphibian circuits

A

pulmocutaneous-lung and skin; systemic-body

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10
Q

reptiles except birds

A

three chambered heart with a septum that paritially divides the single ventricle

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11
Q

reptiles+mammals circuit

A

pulmonary and system circuit and capillaries

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12
Q

mammals+bird cardiovascular

A

4 chambered heart with 2 ventricles and 2 aortas

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13
Q

double circulation

A

the blood is pumped a second time after it loses pressure in the lungs

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14
Q

pulmonary artery

A

right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs through pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

aorta

A

left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood through systemic circuit

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16
Q

systole

A

contraction phase of the cardiac cycle where blood is pushed out

17
Q

diastole

A

relaxation phase of cardiac cycle where ventricles fill with blood

18
Q

atrioventricular valve

A

between atrium and ventricle

19
Q

semilunar valves

A

located at the two exits of the ventricles

20
Q

sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker sets rate and timing at which all cardiac muscle cells contract

21
Q

myogenic heart

A

vertebrate hearts that sets its own rate compared to outside nerves in neurogenic heart

22
Q

electrocardiogram

A

EKG; currents carried by electrodes shows heartbeat

23
Q

endothelium

A

lines the lumen of all blood vessels; single layer of flattened cells that minimizes resistance to blood flow

24
Q

lymphatic system

A

fluid leaks out of cardiovascular and into lymph vessels

25
Q

erythrocytes

A

lack nuclei and mitochondria; generate ATP from anaerobic metabolism

26
Q

leukoctyes

A

monocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes

27
Q

blood clots

A

fibrinogen is inactive form and fibrin is the active form

28
Q

coelom

A

hollow core of each gill that is part of outer layer of sea star

29
Q

parapodia

A

serve as gills for marine worms called polychaetes

30
Q

crustacean gills

A

exoskeleton covers the gills

31
Q

countercurernt exchange

A

as blood moves through gill capillaryit encounters water with higher O2 concentration

32
Q

spiracles

A

air enters the tracheae through these openings insects body surface and passes into smaller tubes called tracheoles

33
Q

negative pressure breathing

A

mammals have this but amphibians have positive pressure breathing

34
Q

air sacs

A

in birds there are eight or nine air sacs and one way channels called parabronchi

35
Q

hemocyanin

A

respiratory pigment in arthropods has copper as its oxygen binder coloring the blood blue

36
Q

hemoglobin

A

respiratory pigment of nearly all vertebrates and some invertebrates found in erythrocytes

37
Q

Bohr shift

A

a drop in pH from active tissue lowers the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 for cellular respiration

38
Q

myoglobin

A

has a higher affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin

Biology (28 decks)

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