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Biology > Animal form > Flashcards

Animal form Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

epithelial tissue

A

covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body; riveted by tight junctions

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2
Q

glandular epithelia

A

absorb or secrete chemical solutions; such as mucous membranes

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3
Q

epithelial layers

A

simple-single; stratified-multiple; pseudostratified-single, length varies

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4
Q

epithelial shape

A

cuboidal; columnar; squamous-floor tiles

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5
Q

connective tissue

A

fibers that function mainly to bind and support other tissues

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6
Q

collagenous fibers

A

nonelastic collagen protein for strength in pinching and pulling

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7
Q

elastic fibers

A

elastin protein for the rubbery pulling of skin back into shape

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8
Q

reticular fibers

A

forms a tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues

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9
Q

muscle tissue

A

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

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10
Q

basement membrane

A

at the base of an epithelial layer; dense mat of extracellular matrix

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11
Q

fibrous connective

A

large number of collagenous fibers; maximizes nonelastic strength

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12
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bone; fibrous connective

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13
Q

ligament

A

joins bones together at joints; fibrous connective

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14
Q

cartilage

A

chondrocytes secrete rubbery matrix; absorbs pressure without breaking

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15
Q

loose connective

A

binds epithelia to tissue and holds organs in place; fibroblasts and macrophages present

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16
Q

adipose tissue

A

form of loose connective; stores fat in droplets

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17
Q

blood

A

has extensive extracellular matrix in plasma

18
Q

skeleton

A

bone- mineralized connective tissue made from osteoblasts

19
Q

osteon

A

mammalian bone consists of these repeating units

20
Q

skeletal muscle

A

striated muscle; fiber with bundles called myofibrils

21
Q

sarcomere

A

contractile units along the length of myofibril bundles gives striated appearance

22
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated as well but is not voluntary; has intercalated disks for signal relay

23
Q

smooth muscle

A

spindle shaped; involuntary body activities

24
Q

nervous tissue

A

nerve cells are the basic units of the nervous system

25
Q

mucosa

A

inner epithelial layer that lines the stomach lumen

26
Q

submucosa

A

matrix of connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves

27
Q

muscularis

A

consists mainly of smooth muscle tissue

28
Q

serosa

A

thin layer of connective and epithelial tissue

29
Q

thoracic cavity

A

body cavity that houses the lungs and heart

30
Q

endothermic

A

bodies are warmed mostly by heat generated by metabolism; body temp maintained within narrow range

31
Q

ectothermic

A

gain most heat from external sources; lower energy requirement

32
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fills the space between vertebrate cells; provides nutrients necessary for diffusion

33
Q

epidermis

A

outermost layer of skin; composed mostly of dead epithelial cells

34
Q

dermis

A

supports the epidermis; contains hair follicles, glands, muscles, nerve, blood vessels

35
Q

hypodermis

A

contains adipose tissue; includes fat cells and blood vessels

36
Q

vasodilation

A

relaxes the muscles of the vessel walls causing an increase in diameter of superficial blood near surface

37
Q

vasoconstriction

A

reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial vessels

38
Q

countercurrent heat exchange

A

heat in blood from artery core is transferred to vein blood returning from limbs

39
Q

torpor

A

enables storage of energy; activity is low and metabolism decreases

40
Q

estivation

A

summer torpor during extended high heat and scarce water

Biology (28 decks)

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