Animal form Flashcards
epithelial tissue
covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities within the body; riveted by tight junctions
glandular epithelia
absorb or secrete chemical solutions; such as mucous membranes
epithelial layers
simple-single; stratified-multiple; pseudostratified-single, length varies
epithelial shape
cuboidal; columnar; squamous-floor tiles
connective tissue
fibers that function mainly to bind and support other tissues
collagenous fibers
nonelastic collagen protein for strength in pinching and pulling
elastic fibers
elastin protein for the rubbery pulling of skin back into shape
reticular fibers
forms a tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues
muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
basement membrane
at the base of an epithelial layer; dense mat of extracellular matrix
fibrous connective
large number of collagenous fibers; maximizes nonelastic strength
tendons
attach muscle to bone; fibrous connective
ligament
joins bones together at joints; fibrous connective
cartilage
chondrocytes secrete rubbery matrix; absorbs pressure without breaking
loose connective
binds epithelia to tissue and holds organs in place; fibroblasts and macrophages present
adipose tissue
form of loose connective; stores fat in droplets
blood
has extensive extracellular matrix in plasma
skeleton
bone- mineralized connective tissue made from osteoblasts
osteon
mammalian bone consists of these repeating units
skeletal muscle
striated muscle; fiber with bundles called myofibrils
sarcomere
contractile units along the length of myofibril bundles gives striated appearance
cardiac muscle
striated as well but is not voluntary; has intercalated disks for signal relay
smooth muscle
spindle shaped; involuntary body activities
nervous tissue
nerve cells are the basic units of the nervous system
mucosa
inner epithelial layer that lines the stomach lumen
submucosa
matrix of connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerves
muscularis
consists mainly of smooth muscle tissue
serosa
thin layer of connective and epithelial tissue
thoracic cavity
body cavity that houses the lungs and heart
endothermic
bodies are warmed mostly by heat generated by metabolism; body temp maintained within narrow range
ectothermic
gain most heat from external sources; lower energy requirement
interstitial fluid
fills the space between vertebrate cells; provides nutrients necessary for diffusion
epidermis
outermost layer of skin; composed mostly of dead epithelial cells
dermis
supports the epidermis; contains hair follicles, glands, muscles, nerve, blood vessels
hypodermis
contains adipose tissue; includes fat cells and blood vessels
vasodilation
relaxes the muscles of the vessel walls causing an increase in diameter of superficial blood near surface
vasoconstriction
reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial vessels
countercurrent heat exchange
heat in blood from artery core is transferred to vein blood returning from limbs
torpor
enables storage of energy; activity is low and metabolism decreases
estivation
summer torpor during extended high heat and scarce water
