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Biology > Animal diversity > Flashcards

Animal diversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

bilateral symmetry

A

animal has a dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom side; left and right; anterior (head) and posterior (tail)

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1
Q

radial symmetry

A

any imaginary slice through the central axis divides the animal into mirror images

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2
Q

coelomate

A

body cavity completely lined on inner and outer layers by tissue derived from mesoderm

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3
Q

pseudocoelomate

A

nematodes; fully functional body cavity only partially lined by tissue derived from mesoderm

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4
Q

acoelomate

A

flatworms; lack a body cavity between the digestive tract and outer body wall

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5
Q

body cavity

A

fluid cushions organs and enables the internal organs to grow and move independently of outer body wall

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6
Q

protostome development

A

distinguished by spiral and determinate cleavage, schizocoelous, and mouth develops from blastopore

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7
Q

spiral cleavage

A

the planes of cell division are diagonal to the vertical axis of the embryo; often associated with determinate early fate of cells

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8
Q

radial cleavage

A

cleavage planes are either parallel or perpendicular to the vertical axis of the egg

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9
Q

deuterostome development

A

radial and indeterminate cleavage, enterocoelous, and anus develops from blastopore

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10
Q

schizocoelous development

A

in protostome development the coelom forms from splits in the mesoderm between the archenteron

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11
Q

enterocoelous development

A

in deuterostome development the coelom forms from mesodermal folding of archenteron

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12
Q

porifera

A

sponges are simple, sessile animals that lack true tissues

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13
Q

cnidaria

A

corals, jellies, and hydra; gastrovascular cavity with one opening

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14
Q

platyhelminthes

A

flatworms; bilateral symmetry and central nervous system, no body cavity or organs

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15
Q

rotifera

A

microscopic size, have alimentary canal (digestive tract)

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16
Q

spongocoel

A

water enters this central cavity through pores called porocytes and exits through the large osculum opening

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17
Q

mesohyl

A

the inner matrix of sponge between two layers of cells

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18
Q

amoebocyte

A

transport nutrients after phagocytosis from the feeding cell choanocytes to the sponge body

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19
Q

cnidocytes

A

cells that function in defense and capture of prey on cnidarian tentacles

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20
Q

polyps

A

stationary body form of cnidaria like hydra

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21
Q

medusa

A

floating body form of cnidarian like jellyfish

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22
Q

hydrozoans

A

polyp form is diploid and asexual; medusa form reproduces sexually

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23
Q

hydra

A

cnidaria found in fresh water and exist only in polyp form

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24
Q

scyphozoans

A

jellyfish; medusa is the predominant stage; some coastal have small polyp stage

25
Q

anthozoans

A

coral and sea anemone; exist only as polyp

26
Q

flaworms

A

platyhelminthe; tripoblastic development, acoelomates

27
Q

planarian

A

ganglia with ventral nerve cords

28
Q

rotifers

A

alimentary canal, pseudocoelom

29
Q

parthenogenesis

A

some rotifer reproduce only females from unfertilized eggs

30
Q

lophophores

A

true coelom; circular crown of ciliated tentacles surrounding mouth

31
Q

molluscs

A

snails, oysters, squid; muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle

32
Q

mollusc visceral mass

A

contains most of the internal organs

33
Q

mollusc mantle

A

tissue that drapes over the visceral mass and could secrete a shell

34
Q

gastropod torsion

A

visceral mass rotates and animals anus wind up above head

35
Q

cephalopod

A

active predators of octopus, squid

36
Q

annelid

A

earthworm; cerebral ganglia, closed circulatory system

37
Q

nematodes

A

alimentary canal, lack circulatory system, pseudocoelom

38
Q

arthropods

A

crustaceans, spiders, insects; segmented coelomates, exoskeleton, jointed appendages

39
Q

arthropod cuticle

A

exoskeleton constructed from layers of protein and polysaccharide chitin

40
Q

open circulatory system

A

many molluscs and arthropods, fluid called hemolymph pumped through heart through arteries to sinuses surrounding organs

41
Q

decapods

A

curstacean arthropods of lobster, shrimp

42
Q

deuterostomes

A

echinoderm (sea star) and chordates

43
Q

chordates

A

notochord and dorsal, hollow nerve cord

44
Q

tunicates

A

posses a notochord, stationary

45
Q

lancelets

A

possess a brain

46
Q

hagfish

A

posses a head; craniates with a neural crest

47
Q

lampreys

A

vertebral column

48
Q

mineralized skeleton

A

sharks, rays

49
Q

lung derivatives

A

ray finned fishes

50
Q

lobed fins

A

actinistia

51
Q

legs

A

amphibians-frogs, salamander

52
Q

amniotic egg

A

reptiles-turtle, snake, crocodile, birds

53
Q

milk

A

mammals

54
Q

gnathosomes

A

jaws; placoderms

55
Q

tetrapods

A

gnathostomes that have limbs and feet

56
Q

archosaurs

A

diapsid lineage that produced crocodiles, birds, and dinosaurs

57
Q

monotremes

A

mammals that lay eggs, have hair and produce milk secreted through glands

58
Q

marsupials

A

give birth to live young with placenta and grows up in outer pouch very young

59
Q

eutherian

A

commonly called placental mammals because placentas are more complex than marsupials

Biology (28 decks)

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