Prokaryotes Flashcards
Prokaryotes size
Very small, a few millimeters
Shapes
Spherical, rod like, spiral
Escherichia coli
E. coli. Has a rod like shape and inhabits mammals intestines. Genetic material lives in the nucleoid
Prokaryotic chromosome
The style in which the DNA folds and stores itself. DNA is made up of genes
DNA to protien
DNA is copied to mRNA which attach to rRNA in the cytoplasm which creates a ribosome which creates proteins using amino acids
Ribososme
Have a large and small sub unit. Formed from rRNA and proteins. Each carries 3 rRNA types copied from DNA
Cell wall
A ridgid layer on the outside of the plasma membrane that protects the cell.
Cell wall material
Often a polysaccharide called glycocalyx
Glycocalyx
Protects the cell and holps it stick to stuff. Can be a slime layer or capsule
Slime layer
Glycocalyx is diffuse and loosely associated with the cell
Capsule
Glycocalyx is gelatinous and firmly attached to the cell
Plasma membrane
Transports stuff in and out of the cell. Turns food or sunlight into chemical energy (often ATP).
Invagnations
FORM THE INNER MEMBRANES IN PHOTOCYNTHETIC BACERIA SO PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAN OCCUR
Cytoskeleton (Filamentous)
Similar to eukaryotes. Plays a role in structure, division, and polarity (in some bacteria)
Flagella
Thread like protein fibers that allow cells to move though liquid
