Cell signaling Flashcards
Cell signaling
How cells sense and respond to stuff. Can get signals from other cells or organisms in the form of physical or chemical.
Cell signaling plays an important role in
Homeostasis
Signal transduction pathway
Steps linking initial perceptions to a signal
Steps of the signal transduction pathway
Reception, transduction, response
Reception
A specialized receptor recives specialized signal molecule. One signal molecule only works on one type of receptor.
Transduction
The receptors trigger other changes to get a response through signal cascading
Signal cascading
Many reactions involving many molecules
Response
The signal causes a response. Different signal pathways cause different responses
Integral membrane proteins appearance
Extend through the whole membrane, with the top commonly sticking out of the plasma membrane creating a signal binding sight. There are many on every cell
Integral membrane proteins function
When the signal attaches the shape of the protein changes and transmits a signal which initiates a signal cascade.
Signal molecules
Do not enter the cell, there is no reaction if they do.
Mock signal molecules
If a different molecule can fit into the receptor site perfectly it can mimic the behavior of a signal molecule preventing or encouraging reactions. Drugs
Protein kinases
Rely on the signal inside the cell. An enzyme that takes a P from ATP and brings it to a protein.
Protein kinases chain
1st kinases catalyzed phenylation of the 2nd and so on
Target protein
The last protein in a cascade. Stimulates of inhibits an activity stimulating a cellular response
