Chapter 1 Flashcards
DNA to Protien
The DNA unwinds and RNA is formed. The RNA provides codes that enzymes read and produce protiens
LUCA
Last common living ancestor. All things exist because of them
What does photosynthesis do
It brings chemical energy into the biosphere
Robert Hooke
Discovered dead cells and named them after using his light microscope to look at a piece of cork
Robert Hooke cell name
Cellulae meaning small rooms
Leuwenhoek
Discovered living cells and called them animalcules
Leuwenhoek types of cells he discovered
Protists, sperm and bacteria
1820
Robert brown discovered the nucleus
1839
Matthias Schlieren discovered the purpose of the nucleus
1840
Schwann said that cells are the basis of all life and can live by themselves. Cells must contain a nucleus
1850’S
Cells can only be made by other cells dividing
Cells use chemicals or light to survive
Cells adapt to their outward environment
Unicellular examples
Only one cell. Bacteria, archaea, amoebas, fungi’s such as yeast
Multi cellular organisms
Activities are divided among many specialized cells. Plants and animals
Multi cellular cell survival
The cells can survive on their own, but if they break or the conditions are improper they die
3 types of cells
Prokaryotes (archaea, bacteria), and eukaryotes
Microscopy
A technique to make thinks bigger. Uses light and electron microscopes
Microscopes
Use the source of their name to illuminate parts of their sample. Lenses enlarge the image
Magnification
Ratio of objects size under a microscope to reality
Why are cells small
Because increasing the diameter increases the volume of the cell double. Therefore the balance of membrane to inside is off
How cells can over come being big
Flattening or folding
Plasma membrane
Surrounds every cell. A bilayer of proteins and lipids
Lipid bilayer
A hydrophobic barrier to the passage of water soluble substances
Things inside the cells membrane
Genes, cytoplasm, organelles
Genes
Segments of DNA that code for specific proteins. Includes proteins that maintain, duplicate and copy the DNA
Cytoplasm
All area between the center and plasma membrane. Communication between the inside and outside of the cell. Contains the organelles, cytosol and cytoskeleton.
Organelles
Small organized structures important for cell structure and function
Cytosol
Aqueous solution containing ions and organic molecules.
Cytoskeleton
Protein based framework that plays a role in cell structure, division and chromosome reproduction.
Cytoskeleton energy
It turns light and chemicals into the useful energy ATP
Prokaryotic cells
Do not have nucleus’, they lack inner membranes but have strong outer ones
Nucloid
The middle section in a prokaryotic cell in which the DNA is stored folded tightly. Not separated from the cytoplasm with a membrane
Eukaryotes
Have a membrane bound compartment called the nucleus. Have an outer membrane, and all the organelles have membranes, and unique functions
