Chapter 1

Question 1

DNA to Protien

Answer 1

The DNA unwinds and RNA is formed. The RNA provides codes that enzymes read and produce protiens

Question 2

LUCA

Answer 2

Last common living ancestor. All things exist because of them

Question 3

What does photosynthesis do

Answer 3

It brings chemical energy into the biosphere

Question 4

Robert Hooke

Answer 4

Discovered dead cells and named them after using his light microscope to look at a piece of cork

Question 5

Robert Hooke cell name

Answer 5

Cellulae meaning small rooms

Question 6

Leuwenhoek

Answer 6

Discovered living cells and called them animalcules

Question 7

Leuwenhoek types of cells he discovered

Answer 7

Protists, sperm and bacteria

Question 8

1820

Answer 8

Robert brown discovered the nucleus

Question 9

1839

Answer 9

Matthias Schlieren discovered the purpose of the nucleus

Question 10

1840

Answer 10

Schwann said that cells are the basis of all life and can live by themselves. Cells must contain a nucleus

Question 11

1850’S

Answer 11

Cells can only be made by other cells dividing
Cells use chemicals or light to survive
Cells adapt to their outward environment

Question 12

Unicellular examples

Answer 12

Only one cell. Bacteria, archaea, amoebas, fungi’s such as yeast

Question 13

Multi cellular organisms

Answer 13

Activities are divided among many specialized cells. Plants and animals

Question 14

Multi cellular cell survival

Answer 14

The cells can survive on their own, but if they break or the conditions are improper they die

Question 15

3 types of cells

Answer 15

Prokaryotes (archaea, bacteria), and eukaryotes

Question 16

Microscopy

Answer 16

A technique to make thinks bigger. Uses light and electron microscopes

Question 17

Microscopes

Answer 17

Use the source of their name to illuminate parts of their sample. Lenses enlarge the image

Question 18

Magnification

Answer 18

Ratio of objects size under a microscope to reality

Question 19

Why are cells small

Answer 19

Because increasing the diameter increases the volume of the cell double. Therefore the balance of membrane to inside is off

Question 20

How cells can over come being big

Answer 20

Flattening or folding

Question 21

Plasma membrane

Answer 21

Surrounds every cell. A bilayer of proteins and lipids

Question 22

Lipid bilayer

Answer 22

A hydrophobic barrier to the passage of water soluble substances

Question 23

Things inside the cells membrane

Answer 23

Genes, cytoplasm, organelles

Question 24

Genes

Answer 24

Segments of DNA that code for specific proteins. Includes proteins that maintain, duplicate and copy the DNA

Question 25

Cytoplasm

Answer 25

All area between the center and plasma membrane. Communication between the inside and outside of the cell. Contains the organelles, cytosol and cytoskeleton.

Question 26

Organelles

Answer 26

Small organized structures important for cell structure and function

Question 27

Cytosol

Answer 27

Aqueous solution containing ions and organic molecules.

Question 28

Cytoskeleton

Answer 28

Protein based framework that plays a role in cell structure, division and chromosome reproduction.

Question 29

Cytoskeleton energy

Answer 29

It turns light and chemicals into the useful energy ATP

Question 30

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 30

Do not have nucleus’, they lack inner membranes but have strong outer ones

Question 31

Nucloid

Answer 31

The middle section in a prokaryotic cell in which the DNA is stored folded tightly. Not separated from the cytoplasm with a membrane

Question 32

Eukaryotes

Answer 32

Have a membrane bound compartment called the nucleus. Have an outer membrane, and all the organelles have membranes, and unique functions