Non-Mendelian Genetics

Question 1

Non Mendelian genetics

Answer 1

Occurs because multiple alleles occur on one chromosomes

Question 2

Linkage

Answer 2

Linked genes that do not segregate independently

Question 3

Animal studied in linkage

Answer 3

Fruit flies

Question 4

Morgan’s accomplishment

Answer 4

The mapped the distance between genes and order

Question 5

How was gene distance measured?

Answer 5

By the likelihood of the genes assorting independently from one another.

Question 6

Two steps of Morgan’s study

Answer 6

1. Mixed two heterozygous flies and measured their results

2. Mixed an F1 fly with a homozygous recessive fly

Question 7

Drosophila notation

Answer 7

Consists of normal or wild type genotypes

Question 8

Mutant

Answer 8

A change from the wild type. Named based on phenotypes

Question 9

Dominant

Answer 9

Start letter(s) of the phenotype. The first letter is capitalized

Question 10

Recessive

Answer 10

Start letter(s) of the phenotype. The first letter is lowercase

Question 11

Wild type allele

Answer 11

Add a + subscript

Question 12

Morgan experiment start

Answer 12

Red eyes and normal wing length was mixed with recessive purple eyes and vestigial wings

Question 13

F1 generation of Morgan’s experiment

Answer 13

Were all dihybrid Rr+RrVg+Vg

Question 14

Step two of Morgan’s experiment

Answer 14

Wild tupes from F1 were mated with pure bread homozygous recessive

Question 15

If purple and vestigial were on separate genes

Answer 15

Mendel’s principles of independent assortment would predict and be true of 1:1:1:1

Question 16

Reality of Morgan’s results

Answer 16

There were more dominant and recessive organisms for both traits that there was a combination of one dominant and one recessive trait.

Question 17

Why did Morgan’s results occur

Answer 17

The 2 genes are lined and further hypothesized that the behavior of linked genes is because of genetic recombination

Question 18

Frequency of recombination

Answer 18

A function of the distance between linked genes

Question 19

Pr+PrVg+Vg parents make

Answer 19

Pr+Vg+, PrVg be segregation

Pr+Vg, PrVg+- Occur because of crossing over

Question 20

Parental offspring

Answer 20

Same genotype, not the same phenotype

Question 21

10.7

Answer 21

This many offspring from parents had recombined chromosomes

Question 22

Sturtevant

Answer 22

Morgan’s student used his work to map out the first chromosome

Question 23

Linkage map

Answer 23

Shows the relative location of chromosomes

Question 24

AB/Ac+BC gene distance

Answer 24

Almost similar but not because genes can cross over multiple times

Question 25

Double cross over

Answer 25

Two cross overs occurring at the same time

Question 26

The first linkage map was

Answer 26

A drosophila X chromosome

Question 27

Centimorgan (Map unit)

Answer 27

The unit used to measure linkage maps. Equal to a recombinant offspring frequency of 1%. Relative values not absolute

Question 28

Current gene arranging

Answer 28

DNA sequencing which is more precise for physical gene location

Question 29

Independent assortment occurs when

Answer 29

Genes are far apart enough, crossing over is almost guaranteed. Occurs at greater that 50 mu

Question 30

In meiosis production

Answer 30

2 recombinant and 2 non recombinant offspring

Question 31

Total test cross progeny

Answer 31

The number of genes that assorted independently/number of chromosomes

Question 32

How to measure genes that are greater than 5o mu

Answer 32

Use a middle gene and add the 2 values together

Question 33

Sex linked genes

Answer 33

Genes located on the sex chromosomes

Question 34

XX

Answer 34

Homozygous and a produces a girl

Question 35

XY

Answer 35

A short section of homologous with x chromosomes. Boys

Question 36

XO

Answer 36

Just one X chromosome, no pair

Question 37

zz

Answer 37

Male

Question 38

ZW

Answer 38

Female

Question 39

Sex determining region on the Y. SRY

Answer 39

The gene that causes a man to develop early in embryonic stages. Activates after 6-8 weeks

Question 40

What does the SRY do

Answer 40

It stimulates protein production to regulate gene expression

Question 41

All embryos

Answer 41

Tend toward females, except when the SRY is present

Question 42

Sex linkages

Answer 42

Don't follow Mandalin principles

Question 43

How were sex linkages discovered

Answer 43

F2 flies had different eye color ratio for each gender

Question 44

Sex linked genes

Answer 44

Located on the X chromosome and not on the Y chromosome

Question 45

Reciprocal cross

Answer 45

White eyed female and males. In the F2 generation both males and females were 1:1 ratio, different than the other way around

Question 46

Pedigree chart

Answer 46

A chart summarizing family geno and phenotype. Shows individual's sex and the trait in question

Question 47

Open circle and open Square

Answer 47

Unaffected female/male

Question 48

Closed circle and square

Answer 48

Affected female and male

Question 49

Males are more likely to

Answer 49

Have the genes active more often because they only need 1 chromosome

Question 50

Sex linked traits examples

Answer 50

1. Red green color blindness | 2. Hemophilia

Question 51

Hemophilia

Answer 51

Excessive bleeding due to a lack of protein for blood clotting