Professional Responsibilities

Question 1

Autonomy

Answer 1

Wishes of competent individuals are honored. Also known as self determination

Question 2

Beneficence

Answer 2

Moral obligation of healthcare provider to act for benefit of others

Question 3

Fidelity

Answer 3

Related to confidentiality. Moral duty to keep commitments I have been promised
vs Confidentiality which is to hold secrets and discussions private within appropriate limits

Question 4

Non-malfeasance

Answer 4

Obligation of healthcare provider to above else do no harm

Question 5

Paternalism

Answer 5

When someone fails to recognize another individual rights and autonomy

Question 6

veracity

Answer 6

Obligation for healthcare provider to tell the truth

Question 7

Is teleological theory (consequentialism)

Answer 7

Outcome or consequences of an action should be based on which decision will bring the best consequences

• decision should be based off most good and least tired.
• Supports paternalistic behavior if no harm is done.

Question 8

Deontological theory

Answer 8

Does not focus on consequences of action but action itself.

• Asks:Does action follow moral principles or not?
• Person obligation to determine course of action
• Strict following of principles of ethics autonomy malfeasance beneficence and justice)

Question 9

How do you prove malpractice through negligence

Answer 9

1. A duty to act in a particular matter
2. Conduct the breaches that particular duty.
3. Damage that occurs from that contact
4. Conduct is some standard causing injury

Question 10

what are 3 types of health insurance companies

Answer 10

private health insurance
independent health plans
government health insurance

Question 11

what are types of private health insurance companies

Answer 11

stock companies : operated nationally, owned by ind stock holders
mutual companies: operated nationally, owned by ind indiv policy holders
Non-profit insurance plans: in specifc regions, subject to state regulations. tax exempt

Question 12

what are types of independent health insurance companies

Answer 12

include HMO (health maintenance organizations) and self insurance

• based on fee for service or predetermined fixed fee
• managed care
• health maintenance organization
• preferred provider organization
• COBRA Consolidated Omnibus budget reconciliation act

Question 13

What is managed care?

Answer 13

attain the highest quality of care at the lowest cost
PPO
HMO

Question 14

What is health maintenance organization ?

Answer 14

Primary physician controls the referral system

- subscribers cant get care elsewhere outside of network

Question 15

What is a preferred provider organization ?

Answer 15

• subscribers choose their services from list of providers who have contract with company
• extreme healthcare discounts
• providers can use outside provider at high cost

Question 16

what is COBRA

Answer 16

an employee that remain under health insurance of previous employer after loss of job
- employee may have to pay employers portion and their own portion

Question 17

What does Medicare part A include

Answer 17

automatic enrollment, funding through taxes 
care in: 
- hospitals 
- OP diagnostic service 
-extended facility 
- hospice
-short term care

Question 18

What does Medicare part B include

Answer 18

Outpatient care 
physician services 
services ordered by physician: 
-diagnostic test 
-medical equipment and supplies.

Voluntary enrollment funding with pay premiums and general federal tax revenue.

Question 19

Self actualization needs

Answer 19

Need to realize one’s for potential as a human being

Question 20

esteem needs

Answer 20

Need to feel good about oneself and capabilities to be respected by others and to receive recognition/appreciation

Question 21

Affiliative of needs

Answer 21

Need for security stability and safe environment

Question 22

Psychological needs

Answer 22

Need for basic things food water shelter

Question 23

Classical conditioning

Answer 23

Also based on Pavlov dogs.
Learning occurs with unconditioned stimulus such as food and is repeated with neutral stimulus bill. In order to maintain conditioned response condition did unconditioned stimuli have to be paired

Question 24

Operant conditioning

Answer 24

Learning process when individual engages in specific behaviors to receive certain consequences

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Extinction -Removing selected variables that reinforce a specific behavior
Punishment-Negative consequences to individuals who perform undesirable behaviors

Question 25

What are the three domains of learning

Answer 25

Recognizing aspects of human behavior and levels of each of these domains can help plan appropriate patient learning activities.

Affective domain: Attitude value and emotion
Cognitive domain: Knowledge and understanding
Psycho motor domain: Physical action or motor skill

Ask the patient if they prefer to learn new information by: observing/reading listening or experiencing, active and passive techniques, and what increases their motivation to learn

Question 26

What are the stages of dying

Answer 26

Denial -Failure to recognize condition is terminal. PT should establish trust in the stage avoid trying to make patient except their condition.

anger - Frustration and negative feelings may ask “ why me”

bargaining
depression
acceptance

Question 27

What is the difference between uni-disciplinary multidisciplinary interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary team models?

Answer 27

Ini-disciplinary -Single discipline provide patient care

Multidisciplinary-Several different disciplines involved in patient care but function independently communication occurs through medical record (hospital)

Interdisciplinary: Several different disciplines involved in patient care. Operate independently to routinely report to each other and may coordinate care (OT/PT care)

Transdisciplinary Where is disciplines function as collective unit for patient care. Tim gold established instead of individual discipline goals. Results in blended boundaries

Question 28

Primary prevention

Answer 28

Occur before onset of disease/condition.
Goal to prevent.
Preventing exposure to substance or modified behaviors to prevent risk factors
ex: Immunization, education on exercise and healthy eating, legislation to ban hazardous materials

Question 29

Secondary prevention

Answer 29

Early diagnosis to prevent complications.
Can’t stop onset of disease.
Slow progression of the disease with early tx.
-Screening adolescence for scoliosis performing self testicular exams blood glucose testing for diabetes

Question 30

Tertiary prevention

Answer 30

Goal to minimize long-term effects of disease.
Occurs after symptoms appear.
Help patient manage condition and maximize quality of life

ex: Spinal cord rehabilitation, palliative care, support groups for HIV

Question 31

Elements of a risk management program

Answer 31

Management involvement
Risk management organization. 
Incident reporting and investigation. 
Inspections. 
Communications.

Question 32

abandonment

Answer 32

Unacceptable one-sided termination of service by healthcare professional without patient consent or agreement

Question 33

Administrative law vs. Common law and constitutional law

Answer 33

Administrative: Federal and state develop rules and regulations to supplement statutes and executive orders

Common: Decisions in absence of statutory law. Legal president in areas were statutes have not been enacted

constitutional:Law from the federal Constitution US Supreme Court responsible for interpreting and enforcing constitution

Question 34

How does the patient provide informed consent and what does it include

Answer 34

Patient is required to sign a document to give permission for treatment. Patient has reached full disclosure of treatment procedures, risks, expected outcomes common goals

Question 35

Malpractice

Answer 35

Failure to provide care as another member of the profession with similar skills would do.
Includes professional negligence, breach of contract, intentional conduct by healthcare professional

Question 36

negligence

Answer 36

Failure to do what’s a reasonable and prudent person would do under the same circumstances/situation.

Following must be approved: duty was owed, a breach of duty was performed, damage to the person or property

Question 37

What is an example of statutory law

Answer 37

Congress and state in force in an act statutes.
ADA
Family and medical leave act

Question 38

tort

Answer 38

a wrongful act or an infringement of a right

Question 39

Considering responsibilities a PT and PTA can hold what responsibilities are solely the physical therapist’s duty

Answer 39

-Interpretation of referrals when available.
Initial exam, eval, diagnosis/prognosis.
POC modification and development including goals and outcomes.
Determination of delivery of safe effective and efficient interventions either by PT or PTA
Documentation oversight

Question 40

What kind of supervision is required for a PTA

Answer 40

General supervision: PT is not required to be on site for direction and supervision. Must be available at least by phone

Question 41

Is a PTA allowed to make modifications to selected interventions?

Answer 41

Supervising PT assesses if the PTA can perform selected selected interventions as directed.

PTA can make modifications to selected interventions to progress patient as directed by physical therapist to ensure safety and comfort

Question 42

When is a supervisory visit by the PT necessary for the PTA? What should the visit include ?

Answer 42

Upon request from the PTA for a re-examination when POC needs to be changed, prior to discharge, response in medical status
-At least once a month or more when established by the PT
-should include:
On-site re-examination of patient.
On-site review of POC for revision or termination.
Evaluation of need and recommendation for utilization of outside resources